Hallazgos histopatológicos en pacientes con cáncer de próstata con criterios de muy bajo riesgo llevados a prostatectomía radical

Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos de la patología definitiva de los pacientes inicialmente clasificados con tumores de muy bajo riesgo que fueron llevados a prostatectomía radical (PR). Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes llevados a PR entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2015. Se describieron y analizaron los hallazgos histopatológicos posquirúrgicos, con el objetivo de determinar si cumplir con dichos criterios eran predictores de enfermedad órgano-confinada y de bajo riesgo. Resultados: Se revisaron 609 historias clínicas de pacientes llevados a PR, de las cuales 83 (13,6 %) casos cumplían con criterios de muy bajo riesgo. La media de edad de estos pacientes fue de 59 (DE ± 7) años y la mediana de PSA al diagnóstico fue de 5,4 (RIQ 4,3-6,8) ng/dl. En la patología definitiva, la mediana del volumen tumoral fue del 4 % (RIQ: 1-10 %). El puntaje de Gleason fue de 3 + 3 en 55 (66,3 %) pacientes, mientras que 28 (33,7 %) fueron reclasificados a uno mayor. Solo 2 (2,4 %) pacientes se reclasificaron como pT3a, 80 (96,4 %) pacientes fueron clasificados como pT2 y un (1,2 %) paciente fue reclasificado como pT0. No se evidenció compromiso ganglionar en ninguno de los pacientes llevados a linfadenectomía. Conclusión: Los hallazgos demuestran que hasta una tercera parte de los pacientes con tumores inicialmente clasificados como de muy bajo riesgo tienen puntajes de Gleason mayor en la patología definitiva; sin embargo, solo el 3 % tienen tumores localmente avanzados, lo cual es consistente con lo reportado en la literatura mundial. Los criterios de Epstein son adecuados para predecir la presencia de tumores órgano-confinados.1-6Objectives: To describe the histological findings in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) clinically classified as very low risk who underwent treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP). Material and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. Clinical records of patients who underwent RP between 2007-2015 who met Epstein criteria for very low risk disease were reviewed. Histological diagnosis was described and analyzed to determine if such criteria predicted very low risk. Results: A total of 609 records were reviewed; 83 (13.6%) met Epstein’s criteria. Mean age was 59 (SD±7) years and median PSA at diagnosis was 5.4 ng/dl (IQR 4.3 – 6.8). Pathology showed a median tumor volume of 4% (IQR 1 – 10%). Gleason score was 3+3 in 55 (66.3%) cases, but 28 (33.7%) were reclassified to a greater score. Two (2.4%) patients were reclassified as pT3a, 80 (96.4%) as pT2 and 1 (1.2%) was found to be pT0. In those subjected to pelvic lymphadenectomy (42.2%) no positive lymph nodes were found. Conclusions: Up to one-third of the patients clinically classified with very low risk PCa had a greater Gleason score. Only 3% had locally advanced tumors, which is comparable to previous studies. Epstein’s criteria seem to be adequate in predicting organ-confined disease

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

A functional SiO2-TiO2 mesoporous assembly designed for the controlled release of carvacrol

Mesoporous composites can be useful for the gentle release of biocides and fertilizers. Here, we study the structural, morphological, and drug-delivery advantages of SiO2-TiO2 (PST) particles synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The PST particles had a spherical-like assembly architecture, which was obtained by cobalt ions incorporation. Each assembly contains nanobars with acute or obtuse tip shape, notably in the sample with 0.5 wt% of Co. Drug loading/delivery evaluations were carried out using carvacrol (CVC) as biocidal molecule. PST composites functionalized with the triethanolamine presented higher load efficiencies of 30–37% and load capacities of 20–26%. A similar trend occurred for the release percentage of CVC. The PST samples without functionalization had a release of only 19–29% (at pH=7.4). After the TEOA functionalization, the release percentage was enhanced to 64–78%. Moreover, the PST had a maximum release percentage of 64.8% reached after only 3 min (at pH=7.4). In contrast, the PST doped with 1 wt% of Co reached the maximum release percentage of 64.8% after 24 h at pH=7.4. Hence, the results of this investigation demonstrate that the PST synthetized with Co and functionalized with TEOA could be used for the control of undesired weed and phytopathogens in cultivated plants by prolonging their delivery time of biocidal molecules

Estudio socioeconómico del Sector Nueva Colombia del municipio de Chiquinquirá, Boyacá, a partir de variables de la contabilidad social

Spa: El presente documento contiene la aplicación conceptual de la contabilidad social, metodología desarrollada por Jack Araújo en el libro Contabilidad Social (1995), este autor fue el referente con el propósito de estudiar las características demográficas y económicas del sector Nueva Colombia, ubicado en el barrio El Bosque, del municipio de Chiquinquirá, departamento de Boyacá.PregradoContador Públic

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease