Interaction of mixed mode loading on cyclic debonding in adhesively bonded composite joints

A combined experimental and analytical investigation of an adhesively-bonded composite joint was conducted to characterize the fracture mode dependence of cyclic debonding. The system studied consisted of graphite/epoxy adherends bonded with EC 3445 adhesive. Several types of specimens are tested which provide the cyclic debond growth rate measurements under various load conditions: mode 1, mixed mode 1 to 2, and mostly mode 2. This study shows that the total strain-energy-release rate is the governing factor for cyclic debonding

Cost and earning of two different sized 'dol net' boats at Versova (Bombay)

The cost and earning of 7.5 and 12 m boats engaged in 'dol net' fishing are presented in this document. In the coastal sector of Maharashtra 178 mechanised boats are exclusively engaged in 'dol net' fishing of which 60 are small (7.5 - 9.0 m) 47 medium (9.3 -12.0 m) and 71 large (over 12 m). Two types of boats viz. 7.5 and 12 m long classified as small and medium respectively were selected and data on daily expenditure, catch, species composition and value realized were collected for three years continuously from 1983 - '84 to 1985 -'86. During 1983 - '86. The profit for small sized boats varied from Rs. 16,988/- in 1984-'85 to Rs. 23,411/- in 1985-'86; whereas in the case of medium sized boats there was a loss of Rs. 15,887/- in 1983 - '84. This type of boat realized a maximum profit of Rs. 32, 897/- but considering the expenditure involved, the small sized boats were found to yield better return than the medium ones

Stress Intensity Factor using Finite Element Analysis in Rectangular Orthotropic Composite Annular Disk

The quadratic isoparametric elements which embody the inverse squareroot singularity were used to determine the stress intensity factor in an annular disk made of Boron-Epoxy composite material. The displacements and stresses were determined in a rectangular orthotropic composite annular disk using isoparametric finite elements. The singularity in the strain field was provided by means of 8-noded isoparametric elements (4-nodes at the four corners and four mid-side nodes each at l/4th distance from the edge). The results were obtained for various material properties and fibre orientation. The geometry of the annular disk was reported when subjected to a boundary radial and tangential. The r singularity was provided at the boundary of the circular hole and the rest of the annular disk was modelled with ordinary isoparametric elements. The apparent stress intensity factor (K/sub I/=) was computed from the stress data near the circular hole, when it was subjected to uniform tension. A curve was drawn for apparent stress intensity factor versus the distance from the crack edge and was extrapolated to r = 0, the actual stress intensity factor was found on the y-axis

Eff ect of propiconazole and salicylic acid on the growth and photosynthetic pigments in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. under drought condition

The present investigations were carried out to estimate the morphological, pigments variation and ameliorating effect of propiconazole (PCZ) and salicylic acid (SA) on drought stress in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) Var. CO-30. A 30 days after sowing (DAS), the plants were subjected to 3, 6, and 9 days interval drought stress and drought with PCZ at 1 mM and drought with SA at 1 mM at 30, 40, and 50 DAS. The plants irrigated regularly in alternate day interval were kept as control. The plant samples were collected on 60, 70, and 80 DAS from all the treatments. The root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, total leaf area, and photosynthetic pigment estimation was carried out in each treatment. Individual and combined drought stress with PCZ and SA treatments increased the root length when compared to control. The PCZ and SA treatments mitigated the drought stress by increasing the morphological and pigment contents and there by the way for overcoming drought stress in S. bicolar plants

THE IMPACT OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS ON THE ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS

The successful adoption of inter-organizational systems (IOS) requires the cooperation of participating firms with complex business and economic relationships. This study examines the impact of inter-organizational relationships on the adoption and diffusion of a category of IOS called Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) that supports the electronic transmission of business documents between two firms. The trade literature suggests that large customers force dependent suppliers to adopt EDI to continue to do business with them, indicating that inter-organizational relationships play a significant role in EDI adoption (Stern and Kaufmann 1985). A socio-political framework based on power dependence and inter-organizational relationship theory is used to analyze the adoption and diffusion of EDI (El-Ansary and Stern 1982). Four independent variables are used: power of the initiating firm, dependency of the adopting firm, transactional climate between the two firms, and support provided by the initiating firm. The adoption of EDI is measured on the time dimension by categorizing the sample into two groups: early and late adopters (Rogers 1983). Since the diffusion process goes through various stages ranging from the early adaptation stage to the late infusion stage (Cooper and Zmud 1990), four variables are used for measuring it: initial diffusion, internal diffusion, external diffusion, and implementation success. While the first variable measures diffusion in the adaptation stage, the other three measure diffusion in the later stages. Based on theory, the following propositions are formulated. Proposition 1: The greater the dependence of the adopting firm on the initiating firm, the greater the chances of adoption of EDI by the adopting firm. Proposition 2: The greater the power the initiating firm has over the adopting firm, the greater the chances of adoption of EDI by the adopting firm. Proposition 3: The greater the dependency of adopting firm on the initiating firm, the greater the diffusion at the adaptation stage for the adopting firm. Proposition 4: The greater the power of the initiating firm over the adopting firm, the greater the diffusion at the aclaptation stage for the adopting firm. Proposition 5: The better the marketing support provided by the initiating firm, the greater the diffusion in the adaptation stage for the adopting firm. Proposition 6: The better the transaction climate between the two firms, the greater the diffusion, both at the adaptation and infusion stage. Separate versions of a questionnaire were created for the purchase and sales functions. To reduce method bias, two respondents - IS and functional manager - completed two different parts of the questionnaire. The data were collected from a large scale field survey (n = 201). A subset of the total sample (n-90), consisting of firms that adopted EDI based on request/coercion from their partner that is ideally suited for our research, is used in this study. The results of a t-test, given below, support Proposition 1, that greater dependency leads to earlier adoption. Early Late Hypothesized Actual Variable Adoption Adoption t-Value Significance Direction Direction POWER 3.30 3.06 0.87 0.38 Positive Positive DEPEND 4.75 4.18 1.65 0.10 Positive Positive Although the mean value of power is not statistically different between the two groups (Proposition 2), they are in the right direction; i.e., early adopters perceived that the initiating firm had greater power than late adopters. The correlation values for the variables are given below. VARIABLE POWER DEPEND CLIMATE SUPPORT INITIAL DIFF. 0.21** 021** 0.19* 0.27** *** - P \u3c 0.001 INT. DIFFUSION 0.10 0.03 0.22* 0.09 ** - P \u3c 0.05 EXT. DIFFUSION 0.05 023** -0.16 -0.07 * -p\u3c 0.1 IMPL. SUCCESS 0.24** 0.14 0.35*** 0.07 The correlation values indicate that initial diffusion is significantly associated with all of the four independent variables supporting Propositions 3,4,5, and 6. Climate is related with internal diffusion and implementation success, supporting Proposition 6

THE IMPACT OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS ON THE ADOPTION AND DIFFUSION OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS

The successful adoption of inter-organizational systems (IOS) requires the cooperation of participating firms with complex business and economic relationships. This study examines the impact of inter-organizational relationships on the adoption and diffusion of a category of IOS called Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) that supports the electronic transmission of business documents between two firms. The trade literature suggests that large customers force dependent suppliers to adopt EDI to continue to do business with them, indicating that inter-organizational relationships play a significant role in EDI adoption (Stern and Kaufmann 1985). A socio-political framework based on power dependence and inter-organizational relationship theory is used to analyze the adoption and diffusion of EDI (El-Ansary and Stern 1982). Four independent variables are used: power of the initiating firm, dependency of the adopting firm, transactional climate between the two firms, and support provided by the initiating firm. The adoption of EDI is measured on the time dimension by categorizing the sample into two groups: early and late adopters (Rogers 1983). Since the diffusion process goes through various stages ranging from the early adaptation stage to the late infusion stage (Cooper and Zmud 1990), four variables are used for measuring it: initial diffusion, internal diffusion, external diffusion, and implementation success. While the first variable measures diffusion in the adaptation stage, the other three measure diffusion in the later stages. Based on theory, the following propositions are formulated. Proposition 1: The greater the dependence of the adopting firm on the initiating firm, the greater the chances of adoption of EDI by the adopting firm. Proposition 2: The greater the power the initiating firm has over the adopting firm, the greater the chances of adoption of EDI by the adopting firm. Proposition 3: The greater the dependency of adopting firm on the initiating firm, the greater the diffusion at the adaptation stage for the adopting firm. Proposition 4: The greater the power of the initiating firm over the adopting firm, the greater the diffusion at the aclaptation stage for the adopting firm. Proposition 5: The better the marketing support provided by the initiating firm, the greater the diffusion in the adaptation stage for the adopting firm. Proposition 6: The better the transaction climate between the two firms, the greater the diffusion, both at the adaptation and infusion stage. Separate versions of a questionnaire were created for the purchase and sales functions. To reduce method bias, two respondents - IS and functional manager - completed two different parts of the questionnaire. The data were collected from a large scale field survey (n = 201). A subset of the total sample (n-90), consisting of firms that adopted EDI based on request/coercion from their partner that is ideally suited for our research, is used in this study. The results of a t-test, given below, support Proposition 1, that greater dependency leads to earlier adoption. Early Late Hypothesized Actual Variable Adoption Adoption t-Value Significance Direction Direction POWER 3.30 3.06 0.87 0.38 Positive Positive DEPEND 4.75 4.18 1.65 0.10 Positive Positive Although the mean value of power is not statistically different between the two groups (Proposition 2), they are in the right direction; i.e., early adopters perceived that the initiating firm had greater power than late adopters. The correlation values for the variables are given below. VARIABLE POWER DEPEND CLIMATE SUPPORT INITIAL DIFF. 0.21** 021** 0.19* 0.27** *** - P \u3c 0.001 INT. DIFFUSION 0.10 0.03 0.22* 0.09 ** - P \u3c 0.05 EXT. DIFFUSION 0.05 023** -0.16 -0.07 * -p\u3c 0.1 IMPL. SUCCESS 0.24** 0.14 0.35*** 0.07 The correlation values indicate that initial diffusion is significantly associated with all of the four independent variables supporting Propositions 3,4,5, and 6. Climate is related with internal diffusion and implementation success, supporting Proposition 6. REFERENCES Cooper, R. B., and Zmud, R. W. Information Technology Implementation Research: A Technological Diffusion Approach, Management Science, Volume 36, Number 2, 1990, pp. 123-139. Rogers, E. M. 77,€ Diolision of Innovations. New York: Free Press, 1983. Stern, L. W., and El-Ansary, A. I. Marketing Channels. Second Edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1982. Stern, L. W., and Kaufmann, P. J. EDI in Selected Consumer Goods Industries: An Interorganizational Perspective. In R. Buzzell (Editor), Marketing in the Electronic Age. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1985

EVALUATION OF A FINANCIAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM IN BUSINESS EDUCATION: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

This study explores the use of computers in business education and its impact on the performance of students. A controlled experimental study has been carried out to determine the differences in performance of students in a computer assisted mstruction (CAI) group with that of a control group. It investigates the relationship between performance and various student-specific characteristics such as aptitude, attitude, sex, domain experience, domain expertise, and system experience. The relationships b between attitude towards CAI, fulfillment of expectations, and satisfaction with the system and course have also been explored. The results indicate that CAI has favorable effects on students\u27 performance and that personal attributes have relatively less important roles to play

Case study: Managing a case of ankylosing spondylitis for inguinal hernia repair

A 55-year-old man diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis presented for inguinal hernia repair. The patient was found to have limited neck movement, thoracic kyphosis and restrictive lung disease. Surgery was performed under hernia block, which was inadequate. General anaesthesia was then administered and airway patency was maintained with an endotracheal tube used as a nasopharyngeal airway

Ultra fine chromite concentration using spiral concentrator

The conventional chromite beneficiation circuit utilises spiral concentrator for recovering chromite fines and as its efficiency decreases with respect to the decrease in particle size. Pilot scale studies have been performed to understand the effect of different process parameters which influence the separation of ultra fine chromite fines from a typical plant tailing. The process parameters of spiral concentrator such as feed rate (m3/hr), feed pulp density (% solids by weight) and splitter position (cm) are considered for the study. Splitter position has major influence on both grade and recovery of the concentrate fraction of spiral concentrator. Maximum grade of 48.54% Cr2O3 can be achieved in the concentrate fraction of spiral concentrator with 20.41% Cr2O3 recovery. Performance of spiral concentrator at different combination of process parameters was analysed with 3D surface plots