L'interpretazione conforme e i limiti alla discrezionalità del giudice nell'interpretazione della legge

: The essay traces the evolution of constitutional jurisprudence about consistent interpretation of Constitution up to its most recent arrivals, which are still insecure today and burdened with not removed theoretical-reconstructive aporias. An attempt is made to explain the perspective change on the basis that the consistent interpretation of the origins was aimed at innervating the new Constitution in the legal system and at entrenching the constitutional culture in the courts. Subsequently, theoretical, political and factual justifications, combined with both judicial substitution and crisis of politics, have made the judiciary emerge as a “third giant” alongside the legislative and executive and broaden the scope of application of the technique of consistent interpretation. The push for a re-centralization of constitutional justice, of which the restriction of the use of consistent interpretation embodies a manifestation, represents in turn a reaction to these phenomena and above all to the costs that are paid in terms of legal certainty

Thermo-hygrometric comfort in the lecture hall of a library: methodology and experimental evidence.

The present study verifies the thermo hygrometric comfort conditions in subjects of a university library users, evaluating the differences and peculiarities in the data collected at the measurement campaign. Particularities of the investigation is the period studied concerning the time frame of the Middle season, which is not expected to power the air conditioning systems. Based on assumptions on the thermal resistance of clothing in the spring and the metabolic type of subjects, the environmental parameters were monitored in some work position in the reading hall in the library of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Palermo. The article presents analyses of the measured data correlating the passive structure behavior and the variation of the internal temperature increases caused by the occupants and by the external temperature gradient. These results are compared with the limits and the guidelines provided by legislation for the main variables measured and derived, and which constitute the essential support to test the tolerability of the occupiers against the thermal environment with which they interact. Keywords: PMV PPD Indexes, Thermo-hygrometric comfort, acceptability classes

Regional policies for sustainability in the Mediterranean countries: the role of a proper HVAC system maintenance in museums

Italy, like several Mediterranean countries, holds a very large number of cultural artifacts that are often exhibited and saved inside museums. Museums are usually part of historical buildings that, not rarely, originally had a different intended use and that have been currently transformed in place for conservation and for exhibition of works of art. The use of historical buildings as museums leads to limitations in the management and distribution of exhibition space, in design and managing HVAC systems and in the achievement of targets relating to the continuous monitoring of the microclimate for people comfort and for preservation of works of art. Moreover, the costs of the operation and maintenance of the HVAC system for this particular type of confined environment are often very expensive and the proper optimization of the required operations plays a main role. In this paper, authors propose a new decision support tool for curators regarding the operation and maintenance management of HVAC systems in museums especially in the case of their belonging to cultural heritage buildings

A Mathematical Model For Evaluating Energy Consumptions In Life Cycle Assessment.

This paper takes up the ecobalance topic giving prominence to a calculation procedure of necessary energy consumptions for the production of a product in the different phases of a whole life cycle. Are used to identify all stages of the life cycle are determined and simplified formulas for the calculation of specific energy consumption. Is also examined a case where the components of the final product are up to 8. The model is valid for any type of product and through operations research (ie, placing constraints on the variables) you could get to optimal solutions minimizing the objective function

Extracellular vesicles derived from gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

The human gut microbiome encompasses inter alia, the myriad bacterial species that create the optimal host-micro-organism balance essential for normal metabolic and immune function. Various lines of evidence suggest that dys-regulation of the microbiota-host interaction is linked to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), found in virtually all body fluids and produced by both eukaryotic cells and bacteria are involved in cell-cell communication and crosstalk mechanisms, such as the immune response, barrier function and intestinal flora. This review highlights advancements in knowledge of the functional role that EVs may have in IBD and CRC, and discusses the possible use of EVs derived from intestinal microbiota in therapeutic strategies for treating these conditions

EXTRACELLULAR VESCICLES DERIVED FROM GUT MICROBIOTA IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND COLORECTAL CANCER

The human gut microbiome encompasses inter alia, the myriad bacterial species that create the optimal host-microrganism balance essential for normal metabolic and immune function. Various lineas of evidence suggest that dysregulation of the microbiota-host interaction is linked to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular vescicles (EVs), found in virtually all body fluids and produced by both eukaryotic cells and bacteria are involved in cell-cell communication and crosstalk mechanism, such as the immune resèponse, barrier function and intestinal flora. This review highlligts advancements in knbowledge of the functional role that Evs may have in IBD and CRC, and discusses the possible use of EVs derived from intestinal microbiota in therapeutic strategies for treating these conditions

Stem Cell Populations and Regenerative Potential in Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases

Several acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies of the lung are accompanied by structural modifications of airway mucosa that vary depending on the severity, duration and type of the disease. These morphological changes, that determine organ dysfunction, are not always reversible. Indeed, the cycle of injury and repair, influencing airway wall regeneration, may sometimes break off and an exacerbation of the pathology may occur. The mechanisms at the base of airway remodelling during inflammation have been widely studied and numerous evidences indicate that the molecular dialogue among the cells of the mucosa has an essential role in orchestrating cell differentiation and tissue repair. In this review, we revise old notions on pulmonary morphology at the light of some of the most recent discoveries concerning stem cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis and organ regeneration of the lung

Prognostic role of aldosterone in patients with acute coronary syndrome: short and medium term follow-up.

AIMS: Different studies have shown a correlation between aldosterone, atherosclerosis and ischemia in the past decade. Evidence exists for the relationship between high levels of aldosterone and augmented risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, cardiac failure, coronary artery disease and stroke. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic role of aldosterone in patients with myocardial infarction. METHODS:The study population included 96 consecutive patients admitted to our department for ST-elevated and non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction from June 2009 to March 2012. Plasma aldosterone levels were measured at admission to hospital in all patients. A 2-year prospective follow-up was performed, and fatal events and non-fatal events, such as reinfarction, congestive heart failure and arrhythmias, were recorded. RESULTS:Aldosterone levels at admission were associated with incidence of congestive heart failure (P\u200a=\u200a0.02), ventricular arrhythmias (P\u200a=\u200a0.01) and all complications (P\u200a=\u200a0.003) after 1-month follow-up. Moreover, high aldosterone levels gave important information in the medium term (24\u200a\ub1\u200a6 months). Specifically, aldosterone was a predictive variable of reinfarction (P\u200a<\u200a0.0001), congestive heart failure (P\u200a<\u200a0.0001) and adverse events (P\u200a=\u200a0.0002). The logistic regression analysis confirmed these results and showed that aldosterone may be predictive of adverse events at medium-term follow-up (odds ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.15, P\u200a=\u200a0.02). CONCLUSION:These data show a strong and significant correlation between plasma aldosterone levels at admission for myocardial infarction and fatal and nonfatal adverse events. Aldosterone appears to be a main marker of adverse clinical outcome, in accordance with the literature. These data suggest the need to identify whether antialdosteronic drug treatment, applied acutely in patients with aldosterone elevation, can influence favorably the prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction

From Dysbiosis to Neurodegenerative Diseases through Different Communication Pathways: An Overview

The microbiome research field has rapidly evolved over the last few decades, becoming a major topic of scientific and public interest. The gut microbiota (GM) is the microbial population living in the gut. The GM has many functions, such as maintaining gut homeostasis and host health, providing defense against enteric pathogens, and involvement in immune system development. Several studies have shown that GM is implicated in dysbiosis and is presumed to contribute to neurodegeneration. This review focuses mainly on describing the connection between the intestinal microbiome alterations (dysbiosis) and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases to explore the mechanisms that link the GM to nervous system health, such as the gut-brain axis, as well as the mitochondrial, the adaptive humoral immunity, and the microvesicular pathways. The gut-brain communication depends on a continuous bidirectional flow of molecular signals exchanged through the neural and the systemic circulation. These pathways represent a possible new therapeutic target against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Progress in this context is desperately needed, considering the severity of most neurodegenerative diseases and the current lack of effective treatments

Morphological alterations and stress protein variations in lung biopsies obtained from autopsies of covid-19 subjects

Molecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins, play a role in cell stress response and regulate the immune system in various ways, such as in inflammatory/autoimmune reactions. It would be interesting to study the involvement of these molecules in the damage done to COVID-19-infected lungs. In our study, we performed a histological analysis and an immunomorphological evaluation on lung samples from subjects who succumbed to COVID-19 and subjects who died from other causes. We also assessed Hsp60 and Hsp90 distribution in lung samples to determine their location and post-translational modifications. We found histological alterations that could be considered pathognomonic for COVID-19-related lung disease. Hsp60 and Hsp90 immunopositivity was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group compared to the controls, and immunolocalization was in the plasma membrane of the endothelial cells in COVID-19 subjects. The colocalization ratios for Hsp60/3-nitrotyrosine and Hsp60/acetylate-lisine were significantly increased in the COVID-19 group compared to the control group, similar to the colocalization ratio for Hsp90/acetylate-lisine. The histological and immunohistochemical findings led us to hypothesize that Hsp60 and Hsp90 might have a role in the onset of the thromboembolic phenomena that lead to death in a limited number of subjects affected by COVID-19. Further studies on a larger number of samples obtained from autopsies would allow to confirm these data as well as discover new biomarkers useful in the battle against this disease