Parenting intervention effects on children's externalizing behavior:The moderating role of genotype and temperament

Recent research suggests that children's heightened susceptibility to parenting may have a (poly)genetic basis, and may be grounded in children's temperament. However, much current evidence is of a preliminary—correlational—nature. Because in correlational designs alternative explanations for gene–environment (G × E) or temperament–environment (T × E) interactions cannot be discounted, it is pivotal to conduct experimental studies in which parenting is actively manipulated. Based on data from a recently conducted randomized trial (n = 387) of the Incredible Years parenting intervention, experimental evidence is provided for G × E and T × E interactions in an at-risk population of children aged 4–8 years. The discussion centers around the use of polygenetic data and microtrial designs, and provides suggestions for how to integrate endophenotypes in tests of G × E and T × E

Proudly moving forward and feeling connected: Adolescents’ daily temporal comparisons relate to a desire for growth and sense of relatedness

Adolescents often compare themselves favorably to others. Although such downward social comparisons make adolescents feel proud, they entail the risk of focusing adolescents on outperforming others rather than on improving themselves. This daily diary study (N = 389 adolescents, ages 11–15) tested the hypothesis that downward temporal comparisons—comparing one’s present self favorably to one’s past self, rather than to others—may elicit pride while encouraging adolescents to strive for self-improvement rather than superiority. Such a desire for self-improvement may, in turn, cultivate a sense of relatedness. Results show that daily downward and upward comparisons co-occurred with pride and shame, respectively, regardless of whether those comparisons were social or temporal. Importantly, daily downward temporal comparisons (unlike daily downward social comparisons) co-occurred with a desire for self-improvement over superiority as well as with a sense of relatedness. This desire for self-improvement over superiority partially mediated the association between downward temporal comparison and a sense of relatedness. Together, these findings underline the role of social and temporal comparisons in self-conscious emotions and goal pursuit and suggest that temporal comparisons—unlike social comparisons—may help adolescents strive for personal growth and build satisfying relationships

Велика Вітчизняна війна в публікаційній діяльності державної архівної служби Республіки Білорусь

Проаналізовано внесок архівістів Білорусі у висвітлення безсмертного народного подвигу в роки великої вітчизняної війни, зокрема публікаційну діяльність державної архівної служби Республіки Білорусь.Проанализирован вклад архивистов Беларуси в освещение бессмертного народного подвига в годы великой отечественной войны, в частности публикационная деятельность Государственной архивной службы Республики Беларусь.The article analizes the contribution of Bilorus’ archivists in clarification of national immortal exploits of the Great Patriotic War, including publication activities of the State Archival Service of the Republic of Bilorus’

Where the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann cell model fails: (I) spurious phase separation in charged colloidal suspensions

We perform a linearization of the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) density functional for spherical Wigner-Seitz cells that yields Debye-H\"uckel-like equations agreeing asymptotically with the PB results in the weak-coupling (high-temperature) limit. Both the canonical (fixed number of microions) as well as the semi-grand-canonical (in contact with an infinite salt reservoir) cases are considered and discussed in a unified linearized framework. In the canonical case, for sufficiently large colloidal charges the linearized theory predicts the occurrence of a thermodynamical instability with an associated phase separation of the homogeneous suspension into dilute (gas) and dense (liquid) phases. In the semi-grand-canonical case it is predicted that the isothermal compressibility and the osmotic-pressure difference between the colloidal suspension and the salt reservoir become negative in the low-temperature, high-surface charge or infinite-dilution (of polyions) limits. As already pointed out in the literature for the latter case, these features are in disagreement with the exact nonlinear PB solution inside a Wigner-Seitz cell and are thus artifacts of the linearization. By using explicitly gauge-invariant forms of the electrostatic potential we show that these artifacts, although thermodynamically consistent with quadratic expansions of the nonlinear functional and osmotic pressure, may be traced back to the non-fulfillment of the underlying assumptions of the linearization.Comment: 32 pages, 3 PostScript figures, submitted to J. Chem. Phy