262 research outputs found
Storage Device Sizing for a Hybrid Railway Traction System by Means of Bicausal Bond Graphs
In this paper, the application of bicausal bond graphs for system design in electrical engineering is emphasized. In particular, it is shown how this approach is very useful for model inversion and parameter dimensioning. To illustrate these issues, a hybrid railway traction device is considered as a case study. The synthesis of a storage device (a supercapacitor) included in this system is then discussed
Phonons from neutron powder diffraction
The spherically averaged structure function \soq obtained from pulsed
neutron powder diffraction contains both elastic and inelastic scattering via
an integral over energy. The Fourier transformation of \soq to real space, as
is done in the pair density function (PDF) analysis, regularizes the data, i.e.
it accentuates the diffuse scattering. We present a technique which enables the
extraction of off-center phonon information from powder diffraction experiments
by comparing the experimental PDF with theoretical calculations based on
standard interatomic potentials and the crystal symmetry. This procedure
(dynamics from powder diffraction(DPD)) has been successfully implemented for
two systems, a simple metal, fcc Ni, and an ionic crystal, CaF. Although
computationally intensive, this data analysis allows for a phonon based
modeling of the PDF, and additionally provides off-center phonon information
from powder neutron diffraction
Orbital selectivity causing anisotropy and particle-hole asymmetry in the charge density wave gap of -TaS
We report an in-depth Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) study
on -TaS, a canonical incommensurate Charge Density Wave (CDW) system.
This study demonstrates that just as in related incommensurate CDW systems,
-TaSe and -NbSe, the energy gap () of
-TaS is localized along the K-centered Fermi surface barrels and is
particle-hole asymmetric. The persistence of even at
temperatures higher than the CDW transition temperature
in -TaS, reflects the similar pseudogap (PG) behavior observed
previously in -TaSe and -NbSe. However, in sharp contrast to
-NbSe, where is non-zero only in the vicinity
of a few "hot spots" on the inner K-centered Fermi surface barrels,
in -TaS is non-zero along the entirety of both
K-centered Fermi surface barrels. Based on a tight-binding model, we attribute
this dichotomy in the momentum dependence and the Fermi surface specificity of
between otherwise similar CDW compounds to the
different orbital orientations of their electronic states that are involved in
CDW pairing. Our results suggest that the orbital selectivity plays a critical
role in the description of incommensurate CDW materials.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Investigation of the spin-glass regime between the antiferromagnetic and superconducting phases in FeSeTe
Using bulk magnetization along with elastic and inelastic neutron scattering
techniques, we have investigated the phase diagram of
FeSeTe and the nature of magnetic correlations in three
nonsuperconducting samples of FeSeTe,
FeSeTe and FeSeTe. A cusp
and hysteresis in the temperature dependence of the magnetization for the
and 0.3 samples indicates spin-glass (SG) ordering below K. Neutron scattering measurements indicate that the spin-glass behavior is
associated with short-range spin density wave (SDW) ordering characterized by a
static component and a low-energy dynamic component with a characteristic
incommensurate wave vector of and an anisotropy
gap of 2.5 meV. Our high -resolution data also show that the
systems undergo a glassy structural distortion that coincides with the
short-range SDW order
Larval food quantity affects the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit human malaria
Adult traits of holometabolous insects are shaped by conditions experienced during larval development, which might impact interactions between adult insect hosts and parasites. However, the ecology of larval insects that vector disease remains poorly understood. Here, we used Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, to investigate whether larval conditions affect the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit malaria. We reared larvae in two groups; one group received a standard laboratory rearing diet, whereas the other received a reduced diet. Emerging adult females were then provided an infectious blood meal. We assessed mosquito longevity, parasite development rate and prevalence of infectious mosquitoes over time. Reduced larval food led to increased adult mortality and caused a delay in parasite development and a slowing in the rate at which parasites invaded the mosquito salivary glands, extending the time it took for mosquitoes to become infectious. Together, these effects increased transmission potential of mosquitoes in the high food regime by 260-330%. Such effects have not, to our knowledge, been shown previously for human malaria and highlight the importance of improving knowledge of larval ecology to better understand vector-borne disease transmission dynamics
Aspects of environmental impacts of seawater desalination : Cyprus as a case study
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the European Commission for supporting the activities carried out in the framework of the H2020 European project ZERO BRINE (project under grant agreement No. 730390). The authors would equally like to thank the TOTAL Foundation (Project “Diversity of brown algae in the Eastern Mediterranean”) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council for their support to FCK (program Oceans 2025 – WP 4.5 and grants NE/D521522/1 and NE/J023094/1). This work also received support from the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland pooling initiative. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. The authors would also like to thank representatives from competent authorities in Cyprus providing data, and specifically Nicoletta Kythreotou from the Department of Environment, George Ashikalis from the Transmission System Operator, Dr. DinosPoullis and Lia Georgiou from the Water Development Department.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Still too little evidence: the role of diet in colorectal cancer survivorship - a systematic review
\ua9 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Colorectal cancer incidence (CRC) is influenced by dietary factors, yet the impact of diet on CRC-specific mortality and recurrence-free survival (RFS) remains unclear. This review provides a narrative summary of existing research on dietary factors affecting CRC-specific mortality, RFS, and disease-free survival (DFS). This study searched electronic databases to identify cross-sectional/prospective research investigating dietary intake on CRC-specific mortality, RFS, or DFS. Twenty-eight studies were included in the corpus. Because of high study heterogeneity, we performed a narrative synthesis of studies. Limited, but suggestive evidence indicates beneficial effects of adhering to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines and a plant rich low-carbohydrate diet on risk of CRC-specific mortality, potentially driven by fiber from cereals, vegetables, and wholegrains, but not fruit. For RFS and DFS, a Western dietary pattern, high intake of refined grains, and sugar sweetened beverages correlated with increased risk of CRC recurrence and development of disease/death. Conversely, greater adherence to the ACS dietary and alcohol guidelines, higher ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dark fish consumption reduced risk. Our findings underscore the need for (i) standardized investigations into diet’s role in CRC survivorship, including endpoints, and (ii) comprehensive analyses to isolate specific effects within correlated lifestyle components
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