A comparison of moral literary women's two epic women's moral singing

Man has better thinking capacity than other beings. Today he does not remember what happened yesterday and leads to life. In course of time, he writes down the true experiences he has witnessed in the book. The books containing the experiences thus written are the books of ethics. These scriptures teach the morality, civilization, culture, good habits and ethics of life of the people. The books which deal with the principles of ethics in the eighteen lower 18 accounts are the books of ethics. The twin epics Silappathakaram and Manimekalai arose during the dark ages when the scriptures arose. Domesticity, hospitality, domestic work, compassion, and appreciation of love are compared and examined in the ethics of the women of moral literature and the double epic women

Tip Withering Bug, Anoplocnemis phasiana (Fab.), Halts Grape Shoots: Friend or Foe, Arrival Time Explains

Pruning is a regular practice followed in grapevine, Vitis vinefera L., to keep the vine manageable and productive. However, immediately after pruning, the plants put out a new flush of leaves which attract several leaf-feeding insects, leading to defoliation and crinkling. Incidence of tip withering bug, Anoplocnemis phasiana (Fab.), usually coinciding with the period of halting practice, results in die-back of shoot tip and prevents extension of the shoot, thus halting shoot growth. Intricacies involved in incidence of this coreid bug on grapevine are discussed here

TREATMENT POSSIBILITIES FOR ACQUIRED AND HEREDITARY DISEASES BY GENE THERAPY: A REVIEW

Therapeutic nucleic acids demand specificity and accuracy in design as well as delivery strategies used in replacement or silencing of the target gene. Gene therapy is believed to be the therapy in which the root cause of the diseases can be treated at the molecular level. Generally gene therapy helps in the identification of the origin of the disorder instead of using drugs to diminish or control the symptoms. The application of nucleic acids to treat and control diseases is known as “gene therapy.” Gene therapy consists on the substitution or addition of a functional gene into the nucleus of a living cell, in order to treat a disease or repair a dysfunction, caused by this gene failure. This therapy is used to correct defective genes, which are responsible for genetic diseases. Thus, gene therapy can be used to prevent, treat or regulate hereditary or acquired disorders, by the production of therapeutic proteins. The gene therapy is mediated by the use of viral and non-viral vectors to transport foreign genes into somatic cells to restorative defective genes. This review focuses on viral vectors in detail

Effectiveness of Conventional Physiotherapy, High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Low Volume High Intensity Interval Training (Low Volume HIIT) on Blood Pressure (BP), & Waist To Height Ratio(WHTR) in Primary Hypertensive Individuals: An Experimental study

BACKGROUND: A sedentary lifestyle has been characterized as an independent risk factor for cardio vascular disease. studies have shown the inverse association between physical activity level and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Historically, cvd has thought to be a disease endemic to developed countries only; However new evidence indicates that developing countries are more strongly affected by CVD than their affluent counterparts. Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardio vascular disease (CVD) affecting about 1 billion people worldwide. Elevated BP levels have been shown to be a risk factor for stroke, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease & end stage renal disease. Essential hypertension accounts for 95% of all cases of hypertension. Essential hypertension is the most common risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 1 billion individuals worldwide, and is associated with substantial health care expenditure. AIM OF THE STUDY: To find out the effectiveness of conventional physiotherapy, high intensity interval training (HIIT) Vs low volume high intensity interval training (low volume HIIT) on blood pressure and waist to height ratio (WHtR) in primary hypertensive individuals. OBJECTIVES: 1. To find out the effectiveness of conventional physiotherapy on systolic blood pressure in primary hypertensive population. 2. To find out the effectiveness of conventional physiotherapy on diastolic blood pressure in primary hypertensive population. 3. To find out the effectiveness of conventional physiotherapy on waist to height ratio in primary hypertensive population. 4. To find out the effectiveness of HIIT on systolic blood pressure in primary hypertensive population. 5. To find out the effectiveness of HIIT on diastolic blood pressure in primary hypertensive population. 6. To find out the effectiveness of HIIT on waist to height ratio in primary hypertensive population. 7. To find out the effectiveness of low -volume HIIT on systolic blood pressure in primary hypertensive individuals. 8. To find out the effectiveness of low -volume HIIT on diastolic blood pressure in primary hypertensive individuals. 9. To find out the effectiveness of low -volume HIIT on waist to height ratio in primary hypertensive individuals. 10. To compare the effectiveness of conventional physiotherapy, HIIT and low -volume HIIT on systolic, diastolic and waist to height ratio in primary hypertensive individuals. METHODOLOGY: STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. STUDY SETTING: Sports performance assessment research and rehabilitation centre (sparrc). SAMPLE SIZE: 30 subjects. STUDY DURATION: 6 months. SAMPLING METHOD: simple randomized sampling. INCLUSION CRITERIA: • primary hypertensive subjects. • Both male and female subjects. • Hypertension with asymptomatic, >2 risk factors (low risk subject). • subjects with age ranging from18-50years. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: • Secondary hypertensive individuals. • unstable angina pectoris. • uncompensated heart failure. • Recent myocardial infarction<4 weeks. • Recent CABG or percutaneous coronary intervention,<12 months. • Heart disease that limits exercise (valvular, congenital, ischemic, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). • Ventricular arrhythmias and heart block. • Severe copd, cvd, uncontrolled pvd. • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. • Hypertensive subjects with bp>180/120or stage 3. • Severe neuropathy. • Chronic orthopaedic conditions. Materials: • Exercise tread mill, • Omron digital bp apparatus, • Inch tape, • Wall mounted ht measuring device, • Maximum heart rate chart, • Calculator. DISCUSSION: The present study was designed to find out and compare the effectiveness of Aerobics, HIIT and LVHIIT in the reduction of blood pressure and WHtr in hypertensive individuals. Even though all the three interventions were effective in significance level on reducing BP, little reduction was observed in waist to height ratio in all the three groups.Moreover,low volume high intensity training group exhibited excellent improvement comparatively in BP & waist circumference reduction. CONCLUSION: In primary hypertensive patients, aerobic exercise as gentle walking in moderate heart rate, HIIT, low volume HIIT with shortened exercise interval all can be beneficial in reducing systolic and diastolic BP and waist to height ratio. since LVHIIT group had shown greater significance and only moderate reduction in waist level by all the treatments, this study concludes that low volume HIIT could be more effective in reducing cardio vascular risk parameters of BP and WHtR but only average result may be seen in waist to height ratio

IN-SILICO DOCKING INVESTIGATION, SYNTHESIS AND INVITRO ANTICANCER STUDY OF BENZOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES

Benzoxazole derivatives display broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. The main objective of the present study was to explore newer molecules with potent biological activity like anticancer activity. Insilico screening was done and compound with no violation in Lipinski rule of five and good docking score are selected for wet lab synthesize. Benzoxazole derivatives were synthesized and are evaluated for invitro anticancer studies.  Derivatives were synthesized using different benzaldehyde and anhydride derivative. The synthesized compounds were then established on the basis of IR, MASS and 1H NMR spectral data and screened for anticancer activity on Human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The derivative showed significant activity on cell line.Keywords: Benzoxazole, dihydrophthalazine, anticancer, MTT assay. Â

Prevalence and correlates of depressive disorders in people with Type 2 diabetes: results from the International Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes and Depression (INTERPRET‐DD) study, a collaborative study carried out in 14 countries

Aims To assess the prevalence and management of depressive disorders in people with Type 2 diabetes in different countries. Methods People with diabetes aged 18–65 years and treated in outpatient settings were recruited in 14 countries and underwent a psychiatric interview. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale. Demographic and medical record data were collected. Results A total of 2783 people with Type 2 diabetes (45.3% men, mean duration of diabetes 8.8 years) participated. Overall, 10.6% were diagnosed with current major depressive disorder and 17.0% reported moderate to severe levels of depressive symptomatology (Patient Health Questionnaire scores >9). Multivariable analyses showed that, after controlling for country, current major depressive disorder was significantly associated with gender (women) (PPPPP<0.0001). The proportion of those with either current major depressive disorder or moderate to severe levels of depressive symptomatology who had a diagnosis or any treatment for their depression recorded in their medical records was extremely low and non-existent in many countries (0–29.6%). Conclusions Our international study, the largest of this type ever undertaken, shows that people with diabetes frequently have depressive disorders and also significant levels of depressive symptoms. Our findings indicate that the identification and appropriate care for psychological and psychiatric problems is not the norm and suggest a lack of the comprehensive approach to diabetes management that is needed to improve clinical outcomes

More anxious than depressed: prevalence and correlates in a 15-nation study of anxiety disorders in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background Anxiety disorder, one of the highly disabling, prevalent and common mental disorders, is known to be more prevalent in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than the general population, and the comorbid presence of anxiety disorders is known to have an impact on the diabetes outcome and the quality of life. However, the information on the type of anxiety disorder and its prevalence in persons with T2DM is limited. Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of anxiety disorder in people with type 2 diabetes in different countries. Methods People aged 18–65 years with diabetes and treated in outpatient settings were recruited in 15 countries and underwent a psychiatric interview with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Demographic and medical record data were collected. Results A total of 3170 people with type 2 diabetes (56.2% women; with mean (SD) duration of diabetes 10.01 (7.0) years) participated. The overall prevalence of anxiety disorders in type 2 diabetic persons was 18%; however, 2.8% of the study population had more than one type of anxiety disorder. The most prevalent anxiety disorders were generalised anxiety disorder (8.1%) and panic disorder (5.1%). Female gender, presence of diabetic complications, longer duration of diabetes and poorer glycaemic control (HbA1c levels) were significantly associated with comorbid anxiety disorder. A higher prevalence of anxiety disorders was observed in Ukraine, Saudi Arabia and Argentina with a lower prevalence in Bangladesh and India. Conclusions Our international study shows that people with type 2 diabetes have a high prevalence of anxiety disorders, especially women, those with diabetic complications, those with a longer duration of diabetes and poorer glycaemic control. Early identification and appropriate timely care of psychiatric problems of people with type 2 diabetes is warranted

Prospecting environmental mycobacteria: combined molecular approaches reveal unprecedented diversity

Background: Environmental mycobacteria (EM) include species commonly found in various terrestrial and aquatic environments, encompassing animal and human pathogens in addition to saprophytes. Approximately 150 EM species can be separated into fast and slow growers based on sequence and copy number differences of their 16S rRNA genes. Cultivation methods are not appropriate for diversity studies; few studies have investigated EM diversity in soil despite their importance as potential reservoirs of pathogens and their hypothesized role in masking or blocking M. bovis BCG vaccine. Methods: We report here the development, optimization and validation of molecular assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene to assess diversity and prevalence of fast and slow growing EM in representative soils from semi tropical and temperate areas. New primer sets were designed also to target uniquely slow growing mycobacteria and used with PCR-DGGE, tag-encoded Titanium amplicon pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR. Results: PCR-DGGE and pyrosequencing provided a consensus of EM diversity; for example, a high abundance of pyrosequencing reads and DGGE bands corresponded to M. moriokaense, M. colombiense and M. riyadhense. As expected pyrosequencing provided more comprehensive information; additional prevalent species included M. chlorophenolicum, M. neglectum, M. gordonae, M. aemonae. Prevalence of the total Mycobacterium genus in the soil samples ranged from 2.3×107 to 2.7×108 gene targets g−1; slow growers prevalence from 2.9×105 to 1.2×107 cells g−1. Conclusions: This combined molecular approach enabled an unprecedented qualitative and quantitative assessment of EM across soil samples. Good concordance was found between methods and the bioinformatics analysis was validated by random resampling. Sequences from most pathogenic groups associated with slow growth were identified in extenso in all soils tested with a specific assay, allowing to unmask them from the Mycobacterium whole genus, in which, as minority members, they would have remained undetected

High-resolution climate change scenarios for India for the 21st century

A state-of-art regional climate modelling system, known as PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) developed by the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, is applied for India to develop high-resolution climate change scenarios. The presentday simulation (1961-1990) with PRECIS is evaluated, including an examination of the impact of enhanced resolution and an identification of biases. The RCM is able to resolve features on finer scales than those resolved by the GCM, particularly those related to improved resolution of the topography. The most notable advantage of using the RCM is a more realistic representation of the spatial patterns of summer monsoon rainfall such as the maximum along the windward side of the Western Ghats. There are notable quantitative biases in precipitation over some regions, mainly due to similar biases in the driving GCM. PRECIS simulations under scenarios of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and sulphate aerosols indicate marked increase in both rainfall and temperature towards the end of the 21st century. Surface air temperature and rainfall show similar patterns of projected changes under A2 and B2 scenarios, but the B2 scenario shows slightly lower magnitudes of the projected change. The warming is monotonously widespread over the country, but there are substantial spatial differences in the projected rainfall changes. West central India shows maximum expected increase in rainfall. Extremes in maximum and minimum temperatures are also expected to increase into the future, but the night temperatures are increasing faster than the day temperatures. Extreme precipitation shows substantial increases over a large area, and particularly over the west coast of India and west central India