Monocyte response in myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes

Aim. To reveal the features of monocyte response in myocardial infarction (MI) in pa­­tients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. The study included 121 patients with MI and T2D as follows: 76 — with target glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 45 — with elevated HbA1c values. In addition to the standard examination, all patients underwent a blood test for HbA1c on day 1 of MI, while on days 1, 3, 5, and 12±1, monocyte subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry.Results. Patients with target HbA1c were older than patients with elevated HbA1c levels. In the group with target HbA1c, the number of CD16(+) monocytes on the 1st day of MI was significantly higher: 61,38 (39,2; 100,08) cells/µl vs 35,7 (28,98; 40,33) cells/µl, p=0,03; on the 3rd day of MI, the number of "intermediate" CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes was higher: 74,82 (71,78; 83,2) cells/µl vs 25,90 (14,04; 57,12) cells/µl, p=0,03, while the CD16(-) to CD16(+) monocyte ratio on the 3rd day of MI was lower: 8,32 (6 ,87; 10,03) vs 10,81 (8,90; 21,10), p=0,04. At the same time, in the group of patients with target HbA1c values, the level of CD16(+) monocytes on the 3rd day of MI was significantly higher in patients aged <71 years compared with patients ≥71 years: 104,55 (63,64; 149,7) cells/µl vs 55,20 (36,92; 76,59) cells/µl, p=0,03.Conclusion. In patients with T2D and target HbA1c values, compared with patients with elevated HbA1c, the inflammatory response in MI is associated with higher levels of CD16(+) monocytes on days 1 and 3 of MI, which is more typical for people aged <71 years

Electromagnetic response of the three-layer construction on the basis of barium hexaferrite and a foam glass

This paper contains results of study of the frequency dependence of reflection coefficient of the ceramic surface coated with the construction consisting of following layers: metal, composite on the basis of ferrite with hexagonal structure, and foam glass. It is shown that foam glass layer reduces significantly the reflecting characteristics of the construction

A comparison of the characteristics of extreme drought during the late 20 th and early 21st centuries over Eurasia and North America

The atmospheric general circulation character during summer droughts over Eastern Europe / Western Russia and North America from 1970-2020 is examined here. A criterion to examine atmospheric drought events encompassed the summer season was used to determine which years were driest using precipitation, evaporation, and areal coverage. The relationship between drought and atmospheric character using the Dzerzeevsky climatic classification scheme, atmospheric blocking, teleconnections, and information entropy are used to study the atmospheric dynamic

Semiconducting end-perfluorinated P3HT–fullerenic hybrids as potential additives for P3HT/IC70BA blends

An efficient route to synthesise hybrid polymers consisting of a semiconducting polymer and a fullerene unit, for BHJ OPV devices is presented herein. The synthetic procedure is based on the in situ functionalisation of regioregular polythiophenes of various molecular weights with perfluorophenyl moieties at the ω end position of the polymeric chains, after the GRIM polymerisation reaction. Each of the perfluorophenyl moieties is then decorated with an azide group, and employed in a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction with fullerene species, i.e. C70 or IC70MA, yielding P3HT-fullerene hybrids covalently linked via aziridine bridges. The effectiveness of the purification procedures of the above organic and hybrid materials were evaluated by extended spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. The optical and electrochemical characterisation of the resulting hybrid structures revealed that the unique optoelectronic properties of the P3HT polymers are retained in the hybrid materials. Whereas the morphological properties are largely affected by the introduction of the C70 and IC70MA fullerenes. The enhanced and tunable nanophase separation observed in the polymerfullerene hybrid films coupled with their excellent optoelectronic properties makes them exciting potential polymeric additives for the P3HT:IC70BA active blends

Pharmacodynamics of the glutamate receptor antagonists in the rat barrel cortex

© 2018 Vinokurova, Zakharov, Lebedeva, Burkhanova, Chernova, Lotfullina, Khazipov and Valeeva. Epipial application is one of the approaches for drug delivery into the cortex. However, passive diffusion of epipially applied drugs through the cortical depth may be slow, and different drug concentrations may be achieved at different rates across the cortical depth. Here, we explored the pharmacodynamics of the inhibitory effects of epipially applied ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists CNQX and dAPV on sensory-evoked and spontaneous activity across layers of the cortical barrel column in urethane-anesthetized rats. The inhibitory effects of CNQX and dAPV were observed at concentrations that were an order higher than in slices in vitro, and they slowly developed from the cortical surface to depth after epipial application. The level of the inhibitory effects also followed the surface-to-depth gradient, with full inhibition of sensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in the supragranular layers and L4 and only partial inhibition in L5 and L6. During epipial CNQX and dAPV application, spontaneous activity and the late component of multiple unit activity (MUA) during sensory-evoked responses were suppressed faster than the short-latency MUA component. Despite complete suppression of SEPs in L4, sensory-evoked short-latency multiunit responses in L4 persisted, and they were suppressed by further addition of lidocaine suggesting that spikes in thalamocortical axons contribute ~20% to early multiunit responses. Epipial CNQX and dAPV also completely suppressed sensory-evoked very fast (~500 Hz) oscillations and spontaneous slow wave activity in L2/3 and L4. However, delta oscillations persisted in L5/6. Thus, CNQX and dAPV exert inhibitory actions on cortical activity during epipial application at much higher concentrations than in vitro, and the pharmacodynamics of their inhibitory effects is characterized by the surface-to-depth gradients in the rate of development and the level of inhibition of sensory-evoked and spontaneous cortical activity

Thermal Degradation of Adsorbed Bottle-Brush Macromolecules: Molecular Dynamics Simulation

The scission kinetics of bottle-brush molecules in solution and on an adhesive substrate is modeled by means of Molecular Dynamics simulation with Langevin thermostat. Our macromolecules comprise a long flexible polymer backbone with $L$ segments, consisting of breakable bonds, along with two side chains of length $N$, tethered to each segment of the backbone. In agreement with recent experiments and theoretical predictions, we find that bond cleavage is significantly enhanced on a strongly attractive substrate even though the chemical nature of the bonds remains thereby unchanged. We find that the mean bond life time decreases upon adsorption by more than an order of magnitude even for brush molecules with comparatively short side chains $N=1 \div 4$. The distribution of scission probability along the bonds of the backbone is found to be rather sensitive regarding the interplay between length and grafting density of side chains. The life time declines with growing contour length $L$ as $\propto L^{-0.17}$, and with side chain length as $\propto N^{-0.53}$. The probability distribution of fragment lengths at different times agrees well with experimental observations. The variation of the mean length $L(t)$ of the fragments with elapsed time confirms the notion of the thermal degradation process as a first order reaction.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

СТРАТЕГИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ И МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ ТРАНСПОРТНО-ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ МАРШРУТОВ В АРКТИКЕ

Purpose: the main objective of this study is to work out a detailed strategy to improve and develop the Northern Sea Route through an analysis of the current trends. The strategy is created on the basis of the graph theory, whereas the optimal strategy for the development of the NSR is selected according to certain financial and time criteria.Methods: the paper is based on the application of graph theory to the construction of a strategy for the development of complex economic and logistical systems.Results: the article explores the issue of formation and selection of the strategy for development and modernization of transport and logistics routes in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Particular attention is paid to the main Arctic route – the Northern Sea Route. Based on the analysis of the main problems in the development of this transport corridor, a series of steps are proposed in the work, including such measures as updating the infrastructure of the NSR, increasing its capacity, creating an information system for safe and efficient navigation, as well as appropriate legislative changes for the establishment of port special economic zones. In the opinion of the authors, these steps will significantly increase the competitiveness of the NSR in comparison with alternative transport and logistics corridors. The research contains also an algorithm for choosing the most optimal way to implement the NSR development strategy, which will make it possible to achieve the main goal – providing the capacity of the route of 30 million tons of cargo per year by 2030.Conclusions and Relevance: the materials stated in the article indicate the special importance of the Arctic transport and logistics corridors for the social and economic development of the country and the regions concerned. One of the most important transport arteries in the Arctic is the Northern Sea Route. The article analyzes the dynamics, problem aspects, as well as the prospects for its development. The authors propose the strategy of modernization and development of the NSR until 2030 on the basis of the studies carried out and with the use of graph theory.Цель: Основная цель данного исследования состоит в том, чтобы с помощью анализа текущих тенденций развития Северного морского пути и на основании теории графов разработать комплекс мер по совершенствованию и развитию Северного морского пути (СМП), а также из всех возможных выбрать оптимальную стратегию развития СМП, удовлетворяющую определенным финансово-временным затратам.Методология проведения работы: Данная работа основана на применении теории графов к вопросам построения стратегии развития сложных экономико-логистических систем.Результаты работы: В статье исследуется вопрос формирования и выбора стратегии развития и модернизации транспортнологистических маршрутов в Арктической зоне РФ. Особое внимание уделяется основному арктическому маршруту – Северному морскому пути. На основе изучения основных проблем в развитии этого транспортного коридора в работе предлагается последовательный ряд шагов, включающий такие меры, как обновление инфраструктуры СМП, увеличение его пропускной способности, создание системы информационного обеспечения для безопасного и эффективного судоходства, а также соответствующие изменения законодательства для создания портовых особых экономических зон. По мнению авторов, эти шаги существенным образом повысят конкурентоспособность СМП по сравнению с альтернативными транспортно-логистическими коридорами. В исследовании предлагается также алгоритм выбора наиболее оптимального пути реализации стратегии развития СМП, которая сделает возможным достижение главной цели – обеспечение пропускной способности  маршрута на уровне 30 млн тонн грузов в год к 2030 году.Выводы: Материалы, изложенные в статье, указывают на особую важность Арктических транспортно-логистических коридоров для социально-экономического развития страны и соответствующих регионов. Одной из важнейших  транспортных артерий в Арктике является Северный морской путь. В статье анализируются динамика, проблемные аспекты, а также перспективы его развития. Авторами, на основе проведенных исследований и с применением теории графов, выбирается стратегия модернизации и развития СМП во временном горизонте до 2030 года

Direct current coupled recordings of cortical spreading depression using silicone probes

© 2017 Nasretdinov, Lotfullina, Vinokurova, Lebedeva, Burkhanova Chernova, Zakharov and Khazipov. Electrophysiological assessment of infraslow ( < 0.1 Hz) brain activities such as cortical spreading depression (SD), which occurs in a number of pathologies including migraine, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and brain ischemia requires direct current (DC) coupled recordings of local field potentials (LFPs). Here, we describe how DC-coupled recordings can be performed using high-density iridium electrode arrays (silicone probes). We found that the DC voltage offset of the silicone probe is large and often exceeds the amplifier input range. Introduction of an offset compensation chain at the signal ground efficiently minimized the DC offsets. Silicone probe DC-coupled recordings across layers of the rat visual and barrel cortices revealed that epipial application of KCl, dura incision or pinprick TBI induced SD which preferentially propagated through the supragranular layers and further spread to the granular and infragranular layers attaining maximal amplitudes of ~−30 mV in the infragranular layers. SD at the superficial cortical layers was nearly two-fold longer than at the deep cortical layers. Continuous epipial KCl evoked multiple recurrent SDs which always started in the supragranular layers but often failed to propagat e through the deeper cortical layers. Intracortical KCl injection into the infragranular layers evoked SD which also started in the supragranular layers and spread to the granular and infragranular layers, further indicating that the supragranular layers are particularly prone to SD. Thus, DC-coupled recordings with silicone probes after offset compensation can be successfully used to explore the spatial—temporal dynamics of SD and other slow brain activities

Contradiction and change in state socialism

No abstract available

Effect of Peierls transition in armchair carbon nanotube on dynamical behaviour of encapsulated fullerene

The changes of dynamical behaviour of a single fullerene molecule inside an armchair carbon nanotube caused by the structural Peierls transition in the nanotube are considered. The structures of the smallest C20 and Fe@C20 fullerenes are computed using the spin-polarized density functional theory. Significant changes of the barriers for motion along the nanotube axis and rotation of these fullerenes inside the (8,8) nanotube are found at the Peierls transition. It is shown that the coefficients of translational and rotational diffusions of these fullerenes inside the nanotube change by several orders of magnitude. The possibility of inverse orientational melting, i.e. with a decrease of temperature, for the systems under consideration is predicted.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl