Epizootic Activity of Natural and Anthropourgic Tularemia Foci in the Territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region and the Khabarovsk City Outskirts during the Amur River Flood

Widespread epizootiological investigations were performed to estimate the influence of the Amur River flood on the epizootic activity of tularemia in small rodent populations within natural and anthropourgic foci. Determined were the numbers of the rodent-carriers and epizootic activity of tularemia infection in the forest type, lowland, flood-swamped as well as anthropourgic foci. The capture and enumeration of the rodents was conducted using Gero rat traps. Tested were water and silt samples, rodent nests, pellets and excrements of carnivorous mammals. Blood sera of healthy persons living within the focal territory were examined to reveal the immune-competent cohort. Collected materials were analyzed using bacteriological, genetic diagnostic and serological methods. Extremely high numbers of the carriers were registered in the lowland meadow-field and anthropourgic foci adjacent to the flooded areas. The signs of tularemia epizootic process were observed in the meadow-field and flood-swamped foci. Failed to reveal during the period of high water were the epizooties in the forest foci

Analysis of Epidemiological Situation on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region, and Prognosis of Its Development for the Past-Flood Period in 2013-2014

Complex analysis of the data concerning epidemiological situation on HFRS in the Khabarovsk Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region for the past decade (2003-2012) previous to high water in 2013 and results of operative epidemiological inspection of the flooding area and the adjoining territory where a high index of laboratory evidences of the virus presence in the main carriers was revealed, outlines high probability of the epidemiological condition complications in view of the infection in the post-flooding period in 2013-2014 in the both entities. Therewith on the basis of the unfavorable prognosis for the epidemiological situation development a Plan of organizational, preventive and anti-epidemic measures directed to minimization of risks related to aggravation of epidemiological situation on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome has been developed and is being implemented

Epizootiological-and-Epidemical Situation on Tularemia in the South of Far East Region during the Period of River Floods

Carried out were epizootiological studies of the flooded areas of the Amur Region, the Khabarovsk territory, and the Jewish autonomous region in order to investigate the situation on tularemia in view of the river floods in August-September, 2013. Involved were specialized anti-epidemic teams from Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute for works at the site of emergency. Therewith, analysis of the data of the epizootiological examination of the territories obtained in cooperation with specialists from the Rospotrebnadzor local Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology, and results of laboratory investigations with application of bacteriological, immu­no­bio­logical and molecular-genetic methods indicated insignificant epizootic and epidemic activity of the natural tularemia foci. Given is the conclusion on epizootiological-epidemiological condition for tularemia in the flooded areas of the Amur River region and a short-term epizootiological forecast for 2013-2014, as well as recommendations concerning stabilization and improvement of epidemiological conditions in the region

Фенольные соединения в систематике и филогении семейства гречишные (Polygonaceae Juss.). Cообщ. VI. Род кноррингия – Knorringia (Chukav.) Tzvel.

Приведены результаты исследования фенольных соединений (флавонолов и антрахинонов) в растениях рода Knorringia (Czukаv.) Tzvel. – K. sibirica (Laxm.) Tzvel. и K. pamirica (Korsh.) Tzvel. Количество флавонол-гликозидов в образцах листьев находится в пределах 0,94–5,31%, при этом не зависит от места произрастания. Антрагликозидов немного – 0–0,38%, свободных агликонов (эмодин + фисцион) – 0–0,63%. Обнаружены две «химические формы» K. sibirica – «антрахинонсодержащая» и «безантрахиноновая», отличающиеся и по составу флавоноловых гликозидов. Последняя произрастает на юге Восточной Сибири – в Тыве и Бурятии. Подтверждена правомерность выделения Knorringia в отдельный род

Investigation of the Antiviral Activity of Experimental Samples Obtained from the Grass and Roots of Alchemilla vulgaris L. Against Vaccinia Virus and Ectromelia Virus

Introduction. The abolition of smallpox vaccination after its elimination in 1980 led to a decrease in the immunocompromised immunity in humans. Zoonotic monkeypox, camelpox, buffalopox and cowpox viruses that are close to the variola virus also pose a danger to humans. In Russia today there are no effective and safe medicines for the prevention and treatment of smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections in humans and animals. The Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) is a promising source for the development of new antiviral drugs. Previous studies have found that Alchemilla vulgaris shows activity against influenza virus and herpes simplex virus.Aim. The aim of this work was to study the chemical composition and antiviral activity of extracts from the roots and the grass of Alchemilla vulgaris against orthopoxviruses.Materials and methods. Qualitative analysis of the samples was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Quantitative analysis was performed using a complex of spectrophotometric methods. To determine the toxicity and antiviral activity of experimental samples from Alchemilla vulgaris in vitro, a transplantable Vero cell culture was used. Antiviral activity of the obtained preparations was evaluated by reducing the infectivity (titer) of orthopoxviruses in the monolayer of Vero cells infected with orthopoxviruses in the presence of preparations with different concentrations relative to the cell culture infected with orthopoxviruses without the preparations.Results and discussion. It was shown that the experimental sample from Alchemilla vulgaris obtained by the method of ethyl acetate extraction from the roots of the studied plant and purified with chloroform contains mainly catechins and leucoanthocyanins (70 %). In parallel, extract from the raw mass of the grass of the plant purified with chloroform and ethanol contains the amount of flavonoids (71 %). Wherein the content of flavonoids in unpurified ethanol extracts from the roots and the grass of Alchemilla vulgaris composed 5 % and 6 %, respectively. It was revealed that purified preparations obtained from Alchemilla vulgaris roots when using ethyl acetate and ethanol as extractants showed antiviral activity against vaccinia virus and ectromelia virus, as well as preparations obtained from grass by ethanol extraction.Conclusion. Thus, purified ethyl acetate extracts from the roots and ethanol extracts from the wet grass mass of Alchemilla vulgaris exhibit antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses in vitro