4,361 research outputs found
"Det var jag som var den dÀr vuxna och han var ett barn" : En kvalitativ studie om hur det Àr att vara ett vuxet barn till en alkoholist
Syftet med vÄrt lÀrdomsprov Àr att undersöka hur uppvÀxten i en alkoholistfamilj har pÄverkat det vuxna barnet. Vi undersöker Àven vilka konsekvenser det vuxna barnet fÄtt av uppvÀxten, vilket förhÄllningssÀtt det vuxna barnet har till alkohol och hur relationen mellan det vuxna barnet och den missbrukande förÀldern ser ut.
I teoridelen definieras alkoholismen; vad Ă€r alkoholism, vem kan bli alkoholist och vad Ă€r skillnaden mellan en alkoholist och en storkonsument. Vidare faststĂ€lls missbrukets effekt pĂ„ familjen, samt barnens roller i en alkoholistfamilj. Ăven typiska karaktĂ€rsdrag och konsekvenser i vuxenlivet tas upp.
I undersökningen har vi anvÀnt oss av kvalitativ undersökning. Vi har intervjuat fyra personer som har en pappa som Àr alkoholist. I resultatet framkommer bÄde likheter och olikheter mellan vuxna barn till alkoholister, men den gemensamma nÀmnaren Àr konsekvenser i vuxenlivet för alla barn som levt med en alkoholiserad förÀlder.The aim of our thesis is to investigate how growing up with an alcoholic parent has affected the adult child. We also examine the impact on the adult child as a result of growing up in a family where one parent is or was an alcoholic, what kind of attitude the adult child has to alcohol and how the relationship between the adult child and the alcoholic parent has been affected.
In our theoretical part, we define alcoholism; what is alcoholism, who can become an alcoholic and what is the difference between an alcoholic and a big consumer. Further down we establish the impact on the family and the children's roles in the family. We also cover the typical characteristics and consequences in adult life.
In the survey, we used a qualitative research. We have interviewed four people who have a father who is an alcoholic. The result shows both similarities and differences between adult children of alcoholics, but the common denominator is that all children of alcoholics are affected in adulthood
Peptide-Drug Conjugates and Their Targets in Advanced Cancer Therapies
Cancer became recently the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Even
though standard treatments achieve significant effects in growth inhibition and tumor
elimination, they cause severe side effects as most of the applied drugs exhibit only
minor selectivity for the malignant tissue. Hence, specific addressing of tumor cells
without affecting healthy tissue is currently a major desire in cancer therapy. Cell surface
receptors, which bind peptides are frequently overexpressed on cancer cells and can
therefore be considered as promising targets for selective tumor therapy. In this review,
the benefits of peptides as tumor homing agents are presented and an overview of the
most commonly addressed peptide receptors is given. A special focus was set on the
bombesin receptor family and the neuropeptide Y receptor family. In the second part, the
specific requirements of peptide-drug conjugates (PDC) and intelligent linker structures
as an essential component of PDC are outlined. Furthermore, different drug cargos
are presented including classical and recent toxic agents as well as radionuclides for
diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the last part, boron neutron capture therapy
as advanced targeted cancer therapy is introduced and past and recent developments
are reviewed
Targeting of peptide-binding receptors on cancer cells with peptide-drug conjugates
Specifically addressing cell surface molecules on cancer cells facilitates targeted cancer therapies that offer the potential to selectively destroy malignant cells, while sparing healthy tissue. Thus, undesired side-effects in tumor patients are highly reduced. Peptide-binding receptors are frequently overexpressed on cancer cells and therefore promising targets for selective tumor therapy. In this review, peptide-binding receptors for anti-cancer drug delivery are summarized with a focus on peptide ligands as delivery agents. In the first part, some of the most studied peptide-binding receptors are presented, and the ghrelin receptor and the Y1 receptor are introduced as more recent targets for cancer therapy. Furthermore, nonpeptidic small molecules for receptor targeting on cancer cells are outlined. In the second part, peptide conjugates for the delivery of therapeutic cargos in cancer therapy are described. The essential properties of receptor-targeting peptides are specified, and recent developments in the fields of classical peptide-drug conjugates with toxic agents, radiolabeled peptides for radionuclide therapy, and boronated peptides for boron neutron capture therapy are presented
Long-Term X-ray Monitoring of 1E 1740.7-2942 and GRS 1758-258
We report on long-term observations of the Galactic-bulge black hole
candidates 1E 1740.7-2942 and GRS 1758-258 with the Rossi X-Ray Timing
Explorer. 1E 1740.7-2942 has been observed 77 times and GRS 1758-258 has been
observed 82 times over the past 1000 days. The flux of each object has varied
by no more than a factor of 2.5 during this period, and the indices of the
energy spectra have varied by no more than 0.4. The power spectra are similar
to other black-hole candidates: flat-topped noise, breaking to a power law.
Each object has exhibited a brightening that lasted for several months, and we
have a found a time lag between the photon power-law index and the count rate.
In both sources, the spectrum is softest during the decline from the
brightening. This behavior can be understood in the context of thin-disk and
advection-dominated accretion flows coexisting over a wide range of radii, with
the implication that both sources have low-mass companions and accrete via
Roche-lobe overflow.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa
Discovery of a Third Harmonic Cyclotron Resonance Scattering Feature in the X-ray Spectrum of 4U 0115+63
We have discovered a third harmonic cyclotron resonance scattering feature
(CRSF) in observations of the recent outburst of 4U 0115+63 with the Rossi
X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The spectrum in a narrow pulse phase range shows
CRSFs at 12.40+0.65/-0.35, 21.45+0.25/-0.38, and 33.56+0.70/-0.90 keV. With
centroid energy ratios to the fundamental of 1.73+/-0.08 and 2.71+/-0.13, the
CRSFs are not harmonically spaced. Strong variability of the continuum and
CRSFs with pulse phase indicate a complex emission geometry near the neutron
star polar cap. In addition, one RXTE observation, which spanned periastron
passage, revealed a strong 2 mHz quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO). This is
slower by two orders of magnitude than the beat-frequency QPO expected in this
system and slower by a factor of more than 5 compared with other QPOs seen in
accreting X-ray pulsars.Comment: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 4 pages, 5 figures.
Uses "emulateapj.sty". Revised version includes new figures and additions to
the analysi
Broadband Ferromagnetic Resonance Linewidth Measurement of Magnetic Tunnel Junction Multilayers
The broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth of the free layer of
magnetic tunnel junctions is used as a simple diagnostic of the quality of the
magnetic structure. The FMR linewidth increases near the field regions of free
layer reversal and pinned layer reversal, and this increase correlates with an
increase in magnetic hysteresis in unpatterned films, low frequency noise in
patterned devices, and previous observations of magnetic domain ripple by use
of Lorentz microscopy. Postannealing changes the free layer FMR linewidth
indicating that considerable magnetic disorder, originating in the
exchange-biased pinned layer, is transferred to the free layer.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Discovery of a Cyclotron Resonant Scattering Feature in the RXTE Spectrum of 4U 0352+309 (X Per)
We have discovered a ~29 keV Cyclotron Resonant Scattering Feature (CRSF) in
the X-Ray spectrum of 4U 0352+309 (X Per) using observations taken with the
Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. 4U 0352+309 is a persistent low luminosity (L_x =
4.2x10^34 ergs/s) X-ray pulsar, with a 837 s period and which accretes material
from the Be star X Per. The X-Ray spectrum, unusual when compared to brighter
accreting pulsars, may be due to the low mass accretion rate and could be
typical of the new class of persistent low luminosity Be/X-Ray binary pulsars.
We attempted spectral fits with continuum models used historically for 4U
0352+309, and found that all were improved by the addition of a CRSF at ~29
keV. The model that best fit the observations is a combination of a 1.45+/-0.02
keV blackbody with a 5.4x10^8 cm^2 area, and a power-law with a 1.83+/-0.03
photon index modified by the CRSF. In these fits the CRSF energy is
28.6+1.5-1.7 keV, implying a magnetic field strength of 2.5(1+z)x10^12 G in the
scattering region (where z is the gravitational redshift). Phase resolved
analysis shows that the blackbody and cyclotron line energies are consistent
with being constant through the pulse.Comment: 34 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, Accepted by Ap
New objective method for quantitative assessment of cut edge quality for paper and board
In the paper converting and finishing industry the cut edge quality is of particular importance to the manufacturing processes, e.g. the printing process. In this paper an objective method for the quantitative evaluation of the cut quality of thin, plane materials is presented. In a first part of this paper existing procedures for the evaluation of the cut quality are analyzed. Afterwards the own method, consisting of two essential elements, is presented. The first element is the measurement data logging by use of a CCD line camera and the second one, is the measuring data evaluation with a self-developed software. The capabilities of the developed method are demonstrated on evaluating cutting edges of four thin, plane materials. The results show, that the procedure is suitable to differentiate cut results sufficiently and to transfer them into quantified quality grades in reproducible manner
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