La spatialisation de la biodiversité : pour la gestion durable des territoires

Depuis le sommet de Rio de Janeiro en 1992, la diversité du vivant n’est plus l’apanage des biologistes : le concept de biodiversité envisage les relations du monde biologique avec les sociétés. La diversité se trouve en effet à présent au cœur des préoccupations de développement durable et de conservation. L’Amazonie, considérée comme une région de très grande diversité, attire depuis longtemps toutes les convoitises mais suscite désormais des inquiétudes : la nature inépuisable nous apparaît dès lors comme une biodiversité en péril. Mais, comment évaluer l’état et les transformations de la biodiversité de cette immense région ? Quels sont les effets des nombreuses politiques publiques de développement et de conservation qui s’y sont multipliées ces dernières décennies ? Cet ouvrage présente d’abord la complexité de quelques situations locales amazoniennes – des systèmes agricoles indigènes aux fronts pionniers associés à l’élevage extensif. L’imagerie satellitale permet ensuite de cartographier les dynamiques de la biodiversité végétale dans l’espace et le temps à partir d’une analyse des paysages et de l’estimation de leur complexité grâce à une démarche pluridisciplinaire (de la botanique à l’anthropologie). Les transformations des paysages et les variations concomitantes de la biodiversité sont par ailleurs mises en relation avec les politiques publiques et les actions privées. L’approche méthodologique, volontairement simple, a été élaborée avec l’ambition d’être applicable à d’autres espaces forestiers tropicaux

Landscape Diversity Related to Buruli Ulcer Disease in Côte d'Ivoire

Buruli ulcer (BU) is one of the most neglected but treatable tropical diseases. The causative organism, Mycobacterium ulcerans, is from the family of bacteria that causes tuberculosis and leprosy. This severe skin disease leads to long-term functional disability if not treated. BU has been reported in over 30 countries mainly with tropical and subtropical climates, but Côte d'Ivoire is one of the most affected countries. M. ulcerans is an environmental bacterium and its mode of transmission to humans is still unclear, such that the disease is often referred to as the “mysterious disease” or the “new leprosy”. Here, we explored the relationship between environmental and socioeconomic factors and BU cases on a nationwide scale. We found that irrigated rice field cultures areas, and, to a lesser extent, banana fields as well as areas in the vicinity of dams used for irrigation and aquaculture purposes, represent high risk zones for the human population to contract BU in Côte d'Ivoire. This work identifies high-risk areas for BU in Côte d'Ivoire and deserves to be extended to different countries. We need now to obtain a global vision and understanding of the route of transmission of M. ulcerans to humans in order to better implement control strategies

The Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) Information System.

The database of the Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio; GIVD ID SA-BR-001) includes data on the environment and biological groups such as plants. It is organized by site, which is usually a grid with 10 to 72 uniformly-distributed plots, and has already surveyed 1,638 relevés across different Brazilian ecosystems. The sampling design is based on the RAPELD system to allow integration of data from diverse taxa and ecosystem processes. RAPELD is a spatially-explicit sampling scheme to monitor biodiversity in long-term ecological research sites and during rapid appraisals of biodiversity that has attracted support from many management agencies, which are using it as their long-term monitoring system. Vegetation surveys include measurements of cover, biomass and number of individuals from woody and herbaceous vascular plants, along with environmental data. We have recently migrated to a metadata catalog and data repository which allows searching for specific groups across all sites. All RAPELD data have been collected since 2001, though the site also allows data from other long-term plots to be archived as associated projects

The Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) Information System.

The database of the Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio; GIVD ID SA-BR-001) includes data on the environment and biological groups such as plants. It is organized by site, which is usually a grid with 10 to 72 uniformly-distributed plots, and has already surveyed 1,638 relevés across different Brazilian ecosystems. The sampling design is based on the RAPELD system to allow integration of data from diverse taxa and ecosystem processes. RAPELD is a spatially-explicit sampling scheme to monitor biodiversity in long-term ecological research sites and during rapid appraisals of biodiversity that has attracted support from many management agencies, which are using it as their long-term monitoring system. Vegetation surveys include measurements of cover, biomass and number of individuals from woody and herbaceous vascular plants, along with environmental data. We have recently migrated to a metadata catalog and data repository which allows searching for specific groups across all sites. All RAPELD data have been collected since 2001, though the site also allows data from other long-term plots to be archived as associated projects