Device serves as hinge and electrical connector for circuit boards

Hinge makes both sides of electrical circuit boards readily accessible for component checkout and servicing. The hinge permits mounting of two circuit boards and incorporates connectors to maintain continuous electrical contact between the components on both boards

An overview of malarial Anopheles mosquito survival estimates in relation to methodology

This is the final version. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.The datasets analysed during the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.BACKGROUND: The transmission of malaria is known to be sensitive to the survival (longevity, mortality) of its mosquito vector, yet there have been few reviews of estimates of this important population parameter in the malaria-carrying genus Anopheles. METHODS: We carried out a systematic search for and meta-analysis of survival estimates, framed around the methods of estimation, under the major groupings of ‛vertical' (based on stable age or stage frequencies), ‛horizontal' (based on recaptures of marked and released cohorts), and ‛parasitological' (proportion of infectious mosquitoes). Because of the intricacies of the estimation process we provide an outline of these methods. RESULTS: By meta-analysis we quantify the average of the distribution of daily survival [Formula: see text] for vertical (0.83, 95% CI: 0.80-0.86), horizontal (0.73, 95% CI: 0.66-0.79) and parasitological (0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95) methods. CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis demonstrates the anticipated result that horizontal estimates are lowest because they estimate apparent survival (survival and non-emigration) rather than true survival. On the other hand, vertical methods make strong assumptions about the stability or stationarity of the underlying populations. Further potential sources of methodological bias are mentioned. The substantial differences in estimates between methods indicates that methodological biases need to be considered when making use of available survival estimates.e National Institute for Health Research (NIHR

The Chernobyl Tissue Bank - A Repository for Biomaterial and Data Used in Integrative and Systems Biology Modeling the Human Response to Radiation

The only unequivocal radiological effect of the Chernobyl accident on human health is the increase in thyroid cancer in those exposed in childhood or early adolescence. In response to the scientific interest in studying the molecular biology of thyroid cancer post Chernobyl, the Chernobyl Tissue Bank (CTB: www.chernobyltissuebank.com) was established in 1998. Thus far it is has collected biological samples from 3,861 individuals, and provided 27 research projects with 11,254 samples. The CTB was designed from its outset as a resource to promote the integration of research and clinical data to facilitate a systems biology approach to radiation related thyroid cancer. The project has therefore developed as a multidisciplinary collaboration between clinicians, dosimetrists, molecular biologists and bioinformaticians and serves as a paradigm for tissue banking in the omics era

Within-Session Analysis of Amphetamine-Elicited Rotation Behavior Reveals Differences between Young Adult and Middle-Aged F344/BN Rats with Partial Unilateral Striatal Dopamine Depletion

Preclinical modeling of Parkinson's disease using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) has been valuable in developing and testing therapeutic strategies. Recent efforts have focused on modeling early stages of disease by infusing 6-OHDA into the striatum. The partial DA depletion that follows intrastriatal 6-OHDA is more variable than the near complete depletion following medial forebrain bundle infusion, and behavioral screening assays are not as well characterized in the partial lesion model. We compared relationships between amphetamine-elicited rotation behavior and DA depletion following intrastriatal 6-OHDA (12.5 μg) in 6 month vs. 18 month F344/BN rats, at 2-weeks and 6-weeks post-lesion. We compared the total number of rotations with within-session (bin-by-bin) parameters of rotation behavior as indicators of DA depletion. Striatal DA depletion was greater in the young adult than in the middle-aged rats at 2 weeks but not at 6 weeks post-lesion. The total number of rotations for the whole session and striatal DA depletion did not differ between the two age groups. Regression analysis revealed a greater relationship between within-session parameters of rotation behavior and DA depletion in the middle-aged group than in the young adult group. These results have implications for estimating DA depletion in preclinical studies using rats of different ages

Development of an instrument assessing ATV use among Oregon's youth on ranches and farms

During the 1980s the sales and use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) was on the rise. Many people used them for recreation, while others started using them on their ranch or farm for work-related purposes. As a result, morbidity and mortality rates also began to climb. It became apparent that the various tasks which ATVs are used for on ranches or farms created room for concern, and the need for education in making sure that those who are operating them are doing do as safely as possible. Therefore the purpose of this research project was to develop a data collection instrument that would be sent out to ranchers and farmers to determine how ATVs are being used by employee’s ages 14-17 years old on their ranches or farms. The first step to developing the instrument was to find information that would be pertinent to its structure. After some time and thought, my mentors and I decided that the instrument would entail questions pertaining to demographics, the operation on the ranch or farm itself, along with questions about ATV use on the ranch or farm. From there we agreed that we would want to be able to determine from the instrument what age groups are operating ATVs, what size of ATV they are operating, how many hours a day they are operating the ATV, along with whether employees are required to wear personal protective equipment, and if they are using accessories and or attachments with the ATV. Currently the hard copy of the instrument is nearly finished and I have begun the process of implementing some parts of the instrument into a survey program called Qualtrics. One of my mentors, Dr. David White has also sent the instrument to OSU Extension Faculty in Agriculture and Forestry for additional feedback. Once all feedback has been received, the instrument will be revised until it is ready to be fully incorporated into Qualtrics where it will be sent out to ranchers and farmers to complete. Ultimately the data collected from this instrument will be used for youth ages 14-17 who are employed in Oregon’s agricultural industry. Youth are required to complete education, training, and acquire certification so that they can operate tractors and machinery in a safe and responsible manner. In addition to this, the data collected from the instrument will also be used to develop a companion curriculum that will aid in education, training, and certification for youth so that they are equipped to safely and responsibly operate all-terrain vehicles along with other machinery in the agricultural industry as well. Both curriculums developed as a result from the data collected from the instrument will then be used for not only education, but training and certification for youth in a program known as the Oregon Safe Tractor, ATV and Machinery Operation Program

Inhibiting the β-Lactamase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with Novel Boronic Acid Transition-State Inhibitors (BATSIs)

BlaC, the single chromosomally-encoded β-lactamase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been identified as a promising target for novel therapies that rely upon β-lactamase inhibition. Boronic acid transition state inhibitors (BATSIs) are a class of β-lactamase inhibitors which permit rational inhibitor design by combinations of various R1 and R2 side chains. To explore the structural determinants of effective inhibition, we screened a panel of 25 BATSIs synthesized to explore key structure-function relationships. We identified a cefoperazone analogue, EC19, which displayed slow, tight-binding inhibition against BlaC. To further characterize the molecular basis of inhibition, we solved the three-dimensional structure of the EC19-BlaC complex and expanded our analysis to variant enzymes. The results of this structure-function analysis encourage the design of a novel class of β-lactamase inhibitors, BATSIs, to be used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis