Índice de diastase e pH como indicadores de qualidade do mel de Apis mellifera.

JIPE 2013

Variabilidade espacial e disponibilidade de zinco em solos de Vinhedos e adjacências da região vitícola de Jundiaí, SP.

In this paper we evaluate spatial distribution of zinc concentration in soils by DTPA in areas cultivated with vineyard and adjacencies. Kriging techniques were efficient to study spatial distribution of zinc in soils. The results shows a spatial correlation between zinc concentration in soils and vineyards. This results reflects a possible contamination in soils by agrochemicals application

Desenvolvimento de espécies florestais nativas em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta.

Este experimento foi implantado na Fazenda Canchim, São Carlos, SP. A área experimental estava formada por Brachiaria decumbens. As árvores foram plantadas em três linhas, acompanhando o nível do terreno e com distancia entre árvores 2,5 m x 2,5m, resultando em cerca de 600 árvores/ha. As espécies florestais plantadas na linha central, ao acaso, foram: angico-branco (Anadenanlhera colubrina); canafistula (Pellophorum dubium); ipê-felpudo (Zeyheria tuberculosa); jequitibá-branco (Cariniana eslre/lensis) e pau-jacaré (Pipladenia gonoacanlha). Para o tutoramento destas espécies e para disponibilizar recursos para a fauna, foram plantadas duas linhas marginais de mutambo (Guazuma ulmifolia) e de capixingui (Crolon jloribundus) alternados. As árvores avaliadas, correspondeRAM A 10% do total do experimento. Foram analisados alatura (cm), diâmetro do colo e diâmetro a altura do peito (mm). O diâmetro da base do caule foi medido com auxilio de paquímetro entre dois e cinco cm do colo; o diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) corresponde ao diâmetro do caule a 1,30 m de altura. A altura foi medida até a gema apical em plantas até 1,30 m de altura, a partir de 1,30 m, altura total passou a ser medida como o comprimento desde a base até o final da copa. Para os resultados foram consideradas as médias obtidas por quadrados mínimos, sendo o teste de hipótese entre médias realizad as por meio do teste de Tukey. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre as espécies em relação a todas as variáveis estudadas. As espécies que apresentaram maior altura média ao final da estação chuvosa ( maio/2009, aos 16 meses de idade) foram capixingui (128,95 cm) e mutambo (129,72 cm), seguidas por pau-jacaré (90,10 cm). Canatlstula (73,00 cm) e angico-branco (60,55 cm) ficaram numa posição intermediária, enquanto ipê-felpudo (17,19 cm) e jequitibá-branco (52,24 cm) tiveram menor desempenho. As espécies com bom desempenho cresceram principalmente na estação chuvosa. O desenvolvimento em diâmetro do colo acompanhou padrão semelhante ao de crescimento em altura, com destaques para capixingui (26,76 mm) e mutambo (29,67 mm), com valores intermediários para pau-jacaré (11,69 mm) e canafistula (18,44 mm), e menores valores para angico-branco (9,26 mm), ipê-felpudo (7,88 mm) e jequitibá-branco (9,12 mm). Conclui-se que os melhores desempenhos foram obtidos por capixingui e mutambo visto que são arvores de crescimento pioneiro e utilizadas como tutoras das demais espécies, dentre as demais espécies destaca-se o pau-jacaré. leguminosa fixadora de nitrogênio, Jequitibá-branco e, ipê-felpudo obtiveram os piores resultados nesse primeiro ano de implanatação do sistema

Distribuição de raízes do mamoeiro Sunrise solo sobmetido a tres sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a distribuição do sistema radicular do mamoeiro Sunrise Solo sob diferentes sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento na fase produtiva da cultura. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas, com seis plantas por parcela para duas direções, longitudinal e ortogonal a fileira de plantas. Os sistemas foram: S1 - Gotejamento com quatro emissores de 4 L.h-1/planta, uma lateral por fileira de plantas; S2 - Gotejamento com quatro emissores de 4 L.h-1/planta, duas laterais por fileira de plantas; S3 - Gotejamento com quatro emissores de 4 L.h-1/planta, em rabo de porco. Resultados mostraram que na direção longitudinal a fileira, houve diferença entre as médias de DCR para as distâncias sendo que os maiores valores foram encontrados a 0,2 m e 0,6 m da planta. A distância efetiva (Def) encontrada para os sistema S1 S2 e S3 foram de 0,65 m, 0,71m e 0,70m. As maiores médias de DCR nas distâncias ortogonais estão situadas próximas ao tronco do mamoeiro, diminuindo à medida que há o afastamento do caule, sendo seus valores ligeiramente inferiores aos encontrados longitudinalmente. A (Def) foram próximos, 0,72 m, 0,70 m e 0,78 m, para os sistemas S1, S2 e S3

Genomic selection for productive traits in biparental cassava breeding populations.

Cassava improvement using traditional breeding strategies is slow due to the species? long breeding cycle. However, the use of genomic selection can lead to a shorter breeding cycle. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for productive traits based on pedigree (pedigree and phenotypic information) and genomic (markers and phenotypic information) analyses using biparental crosses at different stages of selection. A total of 290 clones were genotyped and phenotyped for fresh root yield (FRY), dry matter content (DMC), dry yield (DY), fresh shoot yield (FSY) and harvest index (HI). The clones were evaluated in clonal evaluation trials (CET), preliminary yield trials (PYT), advanced yield trials (AYT) and uniform yield trials (UYT), from 2013 to 2018 in ten locations. The breeding stages were analyzed as follows: one stage (CET), two stages (CET and PYT), three stages (CET, PYT and AYT) and four stages (CET, PYT, AYT and UYT). The genomic predictions were analyzed via k-fold cross-validation based on the genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) considering a model with genetic additive effects and genotype × location interactions. Genomic and pedigree accuracies were moderate to high (0.56?0.72 and 0.62?0.78, respectively) for important starch-related traits such as DY and FRY; when considering one breeding stage (CET) with the aim of early selection, the genomic accuracies ranged from 0.60 (DMC) to 0.71 (HI). Moreover, the correlations between the genomic estimation breeding values of one-stage genomic analysis and the estimated breeding values of the four-stage (full data set) pedigree analysis were high for all traits as well as for a selection index including all traits. The results indicate great possibilities for genomic selection in cassava, especially for selection early in the breeding cycle (saving time and effort)

A liquid chromatographic method optimization for the assessment of low and high molar mass carbonyl compounds in wines.

Carbonyl compounds (CC) play an important role in beverage aroma since they may affect flavor of wines, brandies, and beers, among others

Phosphorus supply for the establishment of palisade grass and forage peanut grown in association.

Fósforo (P) é um nutriente-chave para o estabelecimento de consórcio de gramíneas e leguminosas forrageiras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a necessidade de P para o estabelecimento de capim-braquiarão e amendoim forrageiro cultivados em associação sob condições controladas. Um experimento de vasos foi conduzido em casa de vegetação usando o delineamento em blocos completos ao acaso com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram as seguintes doses de P: 0 mg dm-3 (controle), 80 mg dm-3, 160 mg dm-3, 240 mg dm-3, 320 mg dm-3, 400 mg dm-3 e 560 mg dm-3 [fonte: Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O]. Capim-braquiarão (Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu') e amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi 'BRS Mandobi') foram cultivados por 24 dias depois do corte de uniformização e então cortados a 10 cm de altura para determinação da matéria seca do topo da planta. O suprimento adequado de P para o crescimento do topo da planta diferiu entre as espécies. Capim-braquiarão necessitou de 80 mg dm-3 de P, ao passo que 160 mg dm-3 de P foram exigidos pelo amendoim forrageiro. O amendoim forrageiro necessitou de mais P do que o capim-braquiarão para o estabelecimento de ambas as espécies cultivadas em associação sob condições controladas

Sport practice and plantar pressure in children aged 10-18 years: evaluation using Namrol® Podoprint®

INTRODUCTION: The foot is key to sport [1] and is part of a set of mechanisms responsible for absorbing impacts, maintaining balance and distribution of forces. Therefore, special attention to the distribution of plantar pressure is necessary [2]. Baropodometry consists of the quantification of anteroposterior and lateral oscillations of the sole of the foot, while the individual remains under a pressure platform [3]. The goal of this investigation is to verify if there is an association between students' sports practice and their distribution of plantar pressure and to analyse whether there are differences regarding plantar pressure distribution between students who practice and those who do not practice a specific modality (volleyball, swimming or soccer). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The current research is a cross-sectional study carried out in a non- probabilistic sample comprising 499 students from Amares, Portugal aged 10–18 years (average age: 13.79 ± 2.50), 238 (47.7%) being males and 261 (52.3%) females. An informed consent was given to all participants and a questionnaire was used to ascertain whether individuals practiced physical exercise and, if so, what type of exercise they practiced. Finally, an evaluation of the plantar pressure distribution of the study participants was made using the Namrol® Podoprint® baropodometry platform. All data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, which were performed using the Mann–Witney (U) test for association. Significance levels (denoted as α or alpha) of 0.05 and 0.01 have been considered for the presence of statistically significant association between the considered variables. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant association between sport practice and the presence of pressure changes in the plantar area of the students analysed. Regarding the students who practice volleyball, we found statistically significant differences in the right/left pressure distribution, with a predominance of pressure in the right foot (U = 12327.000; Z= − 1.968; p-value = .049). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study verified that there is no statistically significant association between the practice of sport and the presence of changes in the plantar zone when comparing students who practice sports and those who do not. It was verified that the volleyball practitioners presented a predominance of plantar pressure in the right foot, in contrast with the non-practitioners, which showed an equal distribution of plantar pressure. In this sense, future studies comprising a larger sample of participants of different sports, namely volleyball, may help identify which technical movements may be contributing to these baropodometric imbalances. In addition, these studies are important to help develop strategies that counterbalance these differences in foot pressure of children, minimising the future appearance of postural changes and related problems

Ocorrência de insetos-praga em girassol, no estado do Pará.

Editado por Ana Claudia Barneche de Oliveira, Ana Paula Afonso Scheneid da Rosa e Márcia Vizzotto

Relationship between handedness and the incidence of spinal changes in the frontal plane: evaluation using Idiag® Spinal Mouse®

INTRODUCTION: In middle and highschool, where classroom furniture and equipment are developed mainly for right-handed children, left-handed children may find specific obstacles that can lead to postural changes in the future [1]. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an association between handedness and the incidence of spinal changes in the frontal anatomical plane, in a sample of students aged between 10 and 18 years old from public middle schools in Amares, Braga, Portugal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 479 students, 246 (51.4%) females and 233 (48.6%) males, aged between 10 and 18 years old ([Image: see text] = 13.6 years old, δ = 2.496). An informed consent was signed through their educational representative, after which an individual inquiry has been given to each student, regarding their sociodemographic information, activities of their daily lives and clinical history. Measurements of weight and height were individually performed, simultaneously with a dynamic evaluation of the spine in the frontal anatomical plane using the non-invasive measuring instrument Idiag® Spinal Mouse®. All data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, which were performed using the Chi-Square (χ(2)) test for association. Significance levels (denoted as α) of 0.05 and 0.01 have been considered for the presence of statistically significant association between the considered variables. RESULTS: Of all participants in the study, 431 (89.98%) were right-handed and 48 (10.02%) left- handed. The presence of left convex scoliosis was identified in the vast majority of students, particularly in the lumbar region (478 students, 99.79%), irrespective of the handedness of the student. No statistically significant association was identified between handedness and the prevalence of spinal changes in the thoracic region (χ(2) = 1.355; p-value = .508), lumbar region (χ(2) = 0.112; p-value = .738) and sacral region (χ(2) = 2.590, p-value = .274) of the frontal plane. However, 86% of the students presented thoracolumbar scoliosis in "C" with convexity to the left side and 10% presented thoracolumbar scoliosis in “S”, that is, with two curves present. The limitations of this investigation were using a small sample from only one region of Portugal, not evaluating the cervical region (instrument limitation), having a small percentage of left- handed people and little time to carry out the study. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although there is no significant association between laterality and scoliosis, data supported by previous studies [1,2], we consider that an early diagnosis of postural changes prevents its progression and its future appearance. Scoliosis, due to unilateral mechanical forces, may destabilise the muscle-articular joint and favour the appearance of muscular and coordinative differences and the lack of a normal movement in one area, what will result in excessive movement in another causing mechanical overload in these structures, which are sensitive to pain. These results may encourage the development of new studies to identify the causes of scoliosis in students in this age group