165 research outputs found
Decision-Making Measured by the Iowa Gambling Task in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders Choosing Harm Reduction versus Relapse Prevention Program
AIMS: Two main therapeutic programs were offered to patients suffering from alcohol use disorders (AUDs): avoid the alcohol by abstinence or controlling their consumption. After information and motivational sessions, the patient chooses his own therapeutic plan. However, patients with AUD exhibit poor decision-making. The purpose of this study was to investigate the decision-making in AUD by comparing patients who chose to reduce and control their consumption to those who chose abstinence program.
METHODS: Sixty-seven subjects with alcohol use disorder were included (AUD group) for treatment, choosing either a relapse prevention program (RPP) or a harm reduction program (HRP). Patients were compared to a healthy control group (n = 31). Cognitive skills were assessed through the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test, the National Adult Reading Test, the Trail Making Test and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).
RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients with AUD chose the RPP while 30 followed a HRP. The AUD group performed worse than controls on the IGT. The RPP group had significantly lower performance than both HRP and control groups (these later groups being not statistically different). No correlation was observed between the available clinical, cognitive and intellectual measures.
CONCLUSION: This study confirms that the decision-making process of patients with an alcohol use disorder is impaired. However, the 2 groups differ on the IGT scores, despite comparable clinical and cognitive profiles. The patients\u27 decision-making abilities could be a useful guide when developing therapeutic programs
Three-Nucleon Force Effects in Nucleon Induced Deuteron Breakup: Comparison to Data (II)
Selected Nd breakup data over a wide energy range are compared to solutions
of Faddeev equations based on modern high precision NN interactions alone and
adding current three-nucleon force models. Unfortunately currently available
data probe phase space regions for the final three nucleon momenta which are
rather insensitive to 3NF effects as predicted by current models. Overall there
is good to fair agreement between present day theory and experiment but also
some cases exist with striking discrepancies. Regions in the phase space are
suggested where large 3NF effects can be expected.Comment: 33 pages, 24 ps figures, 9 gif figure
Model Analysis of Time Reversal Symmetry Test in the Caltech Fe-57 Gamma-Transition Experiment
The CALTECH gamma-transition experiment testing time reversal symmetry via
the E2/M1 mulipole mixing ratio of the 122 keV gamma-line in Fe-57 has already
been performed in 1977. Extending an earlier analysis in terms of an effective
one-body potential, this experiment is now analyzed in terms of effective one
boson exchange T-odd P-even nucleon nucleon potentials. Within the model space
considered for the Fe-57 nucleus no contribution from isovector rho-type
exchange is possible. The bound on the coupling strength phi_A from effective
short range axial-vector type exchange induced by the experimental bound on
sin(eta) leads to phi_A < 10^{-2}.Comment: 5 pages, RevTex 3.
Tests of electron flavor conservation with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
We analyze tests of electron flavor conservation that can be performed at the
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). These tests, which utilize B solar
neutrinos interacting with deuterium, measure: 1) the shape of the recoil
electron spectrum in charged-current (CC) interactions (the CC spectrum shape);
and 2) the ratio of the number of charged current to neutral current (NC)
events (the CC/NC ratio). We determine standard model predictions for the CC
spectral shape and for the CC/NC ratio, together with realistic estimates of
their errors and the correlations between errors. We consider systematic
uncertainties in the standard neutrino spectrum and in the charged-current and
neutral current cross-sections, the SNO energy resolution and absolute energy
scale, and the SNO detection efficiencies. Assuming that either matter-enhanced
or vacuum neutrino oscillations solve the solar neutrino problems, we calculate
the confidence levels with which electron flavor non-conservation can be
detected using either the CC spectrum shape or the CC/NC ratio, or both. If the
SNO detector works as expected, the neutrino oscillation solutions that
best-fit the results of the four operating solar neutrino experiments can be
distinguished unambiguously from the standard predictions of electron flavor
conservation.Comment: 31 pages (RevTeX) + 10 figures (postscript). Requires epsfig.sty.
Gzipped figures also available at ftp://ftp.sns.ias.edu/pub/lisi/snopaper .
To appear in Phys. Rev.
Three-Nucleon Forces from Chiral Effective Field Theory
We perform the first complete analysis of nd scattering at
next-to-next-to-leading order in chiral effective field theory including the
corresponding three-nucleon force and extending our previous work, where only
the two-nucleon interaction has been taken into account. The three-nucleon
force appears first at this order in the chiral expansion and depends on two
unknown parameters. These two parameters are determined from the triton binding
energy and the nd doublet scattering length. We find an improved description of
various scattering observables in relation to the next-to-leading order results
especially at moderate energies (E_lab = 65 MeV). It is demonstrated that the
long-standing A_y-problem in nd elastic scattering is still not solved by the
leading 3NF, although some visible improvement is observed. We discuss
possibilities of solving this puzzle. The predicted binding energy for the
alpha-particle agrees with the empirical value.Comment: 36 pp, 20 figure
A new form of three-body Faddeev equations in the continuum
We propose a novel approach to solve the three-nucleon (3N) Faddeev equation
which avoids the complicated singularity pattern going with the moving
logarithmic singularities of the standard approach. In this new approach the
treatment of the 3N Faddeev equation becomes essentially as simple as the
treatment of the two-body Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Very good agreement of
the new and old approaches in the application to nucleon-deuteron elastic
scattering and the breakup reaction is found.Comment: 20 pages, 3 eps figure
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