Omentalisation as adjunctive treatment of an infected femoral nonunion fracture: a case report

A three-year-old male working border collie with an infected femoral nonunion fracture was managed in a two-stage procedure involving debridement and omentalisation, followed by stabilisation with a bone plate and an autogenous cancellous bone graft. Osseous union was documented radiographically 16 weeks after surgery. Telephone follow-up one year later revealed the dog had returned to full working function without evidence of lameness. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first clinical case described in the veterinary literature using omentalisation as an adjunct to the management of an infected, biologically inactive nonunion fracture

Study of Fluoride Affinity by Zirconium Impregnated Walnut Shell Carbon in Aqueous Phase: Kinetic and Isotherm Evaluation

This paper examines the kinetics of fluoride removal from water by the adsorbent zirconium-impregnated walnut-shell carbon (ZIWSC), exploring the mechanisms involved. The dependence of the adsorption of fluoride on the pH of the solution has been studied to achieve the optimum pH value and a better understanding of the adsorption mechanism. The presence of bicarbonate ions in aqueous solution was found to affect the fluoride removal indicating that these anions compete with the sorption of fluoride on adsorbents. The kinetic profile has been modeled using pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, and intraparticle diffusion model. The kinetic sorption profiles offered excellent fit with pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption isotherms have been modeled by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equations, and their constants were determined. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted reasonably well for Freundlich isotherm model. XRD and SEM patterns of the ZIWSC were recorded to get better insight into the mechanism of adsorption process

Adsorption Studies for Arsenic Removal Using Activated Moringa oleifera

A new low cost adsorbent, activated Moringa oleifera has been developed for aqueous arsenic removal. Batch experiments were revealed that As removal was up to 71.3% using activated Moringa oleifera. Kinetics studies revealed that Langmuir isotherm was followed with a better correlation than the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG were computed from the experimental data. These values show that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Thus, this recently developed cost-effective novel biosorbent, activated Moringa oleifera can be used as household level to mitigate the arsenic problem

Kinetic and equilibrium studies on fluoride removal by zirconium (IV): Impregnated groundnut shell carbon

The carbonized ground nut shell (GNSC) was impregnated with zirconium oxy chloride, and tested to determine its capacity and kinetics for fluoride adsorption from aqueous solutions. The analysis of the isotherm equilibrium data using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson equations by linear methods showed that the data fitted better with Freundlich model than the other two. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the spontaneous nature of fluoride adsorption with increase of entropy and an endothermic process. The kinetic data obtained for fluoride adsorption on zirconium impregnated ground nut shell carbon (ZIGNSC) obeyed the pseudo-second order equation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the deposition of fluoride on material and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies also showed the involvement of adsorbate on the adsorbent surface in the adsorption interaction. The ZIGNSC provides a cost effective material to the defluoridation problem in the developing countries by its great potential application in the fluoride removal from water

Fluoride adsorption studies of montmorillonite clay

263-272Batch adsorption studies were conducted to determine the effects of contact time and temperature on fluoride removal by montmorillonite clay at neutral pH. The adsorption of fluoride was studied at four different temperatures, viz. 30, 40, 50 and 60°C. The kinetics of adsorption as well as adsorption isotherms at different temperatures were studied. Adsorption obeyed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The percentage of fluoride removed increased with time and reached an optimum level at 50th min. The material with particle size of 75 microns registered maximum percentage of fluoride adsorption, compared to the other particle sizes. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of fluoride by montmorillonite is an endothermic process, showing increase in sorption at higher temperature. The negative values of ΔG° indicate the spontaneity of the sorption process. Adsorption takes place on the surface as well as through intraparticle diffusion pattern of the adsorbent material. SEM studies revealed the morphological characteristics of the untreated sorbents as well as the changes in the treated sorbents. X-ray diffraction studies also confirmed the deposition of fluoride on the surface of the clay material. FTIR studies showed the involvement of hydroxyl group present on the surface in the adsorption interaction

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on adsorption of fluoride by dolomite

397-401Batch adsorption studies were carried out to determine the effect of adsorbent dose, initial adsorbent concentration and temperature on the adsorption of fluoride by naturally occurring dolomite. The adsorption of fluoride was found to depend on temperature and concentration. The adsorption process followed first-order kinetics. The mechanism of adsorption obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm indicating an unimolecular layer pattern. Dolomite possesses considerable defluoridation efficiency at neutral pH and hence can be an effective defluoridating material. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption or fluoride by dolomite is an endothermic process, showing increase in sorption at higher temperature. Also, negative values of ∆Gº indicate the spontaneity of the sorption process. </span

Fluoride sorption using Cynodon dactylon based activated carbon

This study deals the application of Cynodon dactylon based thermally activated carbon for fluoride toxicity. The batch adsorption techniques was followed at neutral pH as the functions of contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, temperature and the effect of co-anions. The data indicate that the prepared adsorbent surface sites are heterogeneous in nature and that fits into a heterogeneous site-binding model. The present system followed the Redlich-Peterson isotherm as well as Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Lagergren pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra particle diffusion and Elovich kinetics were modeled to describe the adsorption rate of fluoride and determined as this scheme followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The calculated enthalpy change, ΔH°, and entropy change, ΔS°, for the adsorption process are +8.725 kJ/mol and +0.033 J/mol K respectively and shows endothermic experience. Instrumental analysis of XRD, FTIR and SEM gives the idea about the fluoride binding ability of adsorbent

Traditional beekeeping of stingless bee (<i style="">Trigona</i> sp) by <i style="">Kani</i> tribes of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

342-345In India honey bees like Apis cerana and Apis mellifera are reared for commercial purpose. The other bees like rock bee (Apis dorsata), little bee (Apis florea) and dammer bee (Trigona sp) are not domesticated because of their ecophysiology. However, the kani tribes living in Karayar area of Kalakad- Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve area (KMTR) of Western Ghats have developed a novel method of rearing the dammer bees. The objective of the study is to understand the traditional skill of Kani tribes to rear the stingless bee (Trigona sp.) which was not used for regular bee keeping. The present study also gives importance to evolve commercial strategies to get honey (medicinal honey) from Trigona sp. The findings of the present study will help to preserve the art of rearing stingless bees and to introduce modern techniques to harvest pure, clean and uncontaminated honey by suitable modifications in the indigenous practice of stingless bee rearing. The honey produced by dammer bees is a panacea for much human illness. The Kani tribes have developed a bamboo pole bee hive to keep this stingless bee belonged to the species Trigona irredipensis. The dammer bees build an interesting type of comb made of propolis, mud and about 600-700gm honey is collected per year per hive. Because of rich medicinal value the honey collected from this beehive is sold at a rate of Rs.1000/Kg