Patriotic education of older pre-school students

The article is devoted to the problem of preschool children’s patriotic education. The authors reviewed the defi nitions of “patriotism”, “patriotic education”, and “preschool children’s patriotic education”. The paper presents research results of preschool children’s patriotic education levels

Cutaneous sinus histiocytosis of face of the non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses type (cutaneous Rosai — Dorfman disease)

An extremely rare case of sinus histiocytosis of the non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses type is described in 55-year-old patient with isolated localization of cutanious lesion on the right cheek without involvement of nodular structures. Main skin lesion was an erythematous-cyanotic node with multiple milia-like lesions on the top of it. Histologically revealed feature was a large number of plasma cells, besides phenomenon of emperipolesis was described, which was first falsely perceived by pathologists as phagocytosis. In immu-nohistochemistry assay the changes were characterized by proliferation of large polygonal histiocytes with accumulation of pentalamellar markers in its cytoplasm (protein S-100, CD68)

Взаимосвязь лабораторных биомаркеров и ультразвуковых признаков воспаления у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом на фоне терапии биоаналогом ритуксимаба

Objective: to assess the relationship between laboratory biomarkers and ultrasonographic signs of inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during therapy with a rituximab (RTM) biosimilar.Patients and methods. 20 patients with definite diagnosis of RA were examined. All patients received 2 infusions of RTM (Acellbia®), at a dose of 600 mg intravenously 2 weeks apart during therapy with methotrexate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids. Clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed immediately before the start of therapy, and then 12 and 24 weeks after the first infusion of the drug.Results and discussion. By the 24th week of RTM therapy, a good/moderate effect according to the EULAR criteria was registered in 17 (85%) patients; remission according to DAS28 (<2.6) was achieved in 4 (20%) patients, SDAI (≤3.3) – in 2 (10%), CDAI (≤2.8) – in 1 (5%). Prior to the start of treatment, active synovitis was detected in 13 (65%) patients by power Doppler imaging (PD), and in 20 (100%) patients by gray scale scanning. During therapy with the RTM biosimilar, a significant decrease in inflammatory changes in the joints was observed, and by the 24th week after the start of treatment, the median PD was 0.5; active inflammation persisted in 7 (35%) patients. As shown by ROC analysis, the initial level of interleukin (IL) 6 >100.0 pg/ml is associated with the persistence of inflammatory activity according to PD by the 24th week of therapy with the RTM biosimilar, while the sensitivity was 85% and the specificity was 62% (AUC 0.78, 95% CI 0.57–0.99)Conclusion. An association was found between an increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL6, and the activity of synovial inflammation according to ultrasound data. IL6 is the most promising marker for predicting persistent inflammatory activity based on the results of PD; other analyzed parameters have worse sensitivity and specificity parameters.Цель исследования – оценить взаимосвязь лабораторных биомаркеров и ультразвуковых признаков воспаления у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом на фоне терапии биоаналогом ритуксимаба (РТМ).Пациенты и методы. Обследовано 20 больных с достоверным диагнозом РА. Всем пациентам проведено по 2 инфузии РТМ (Ацеллбия®) в дозе 600 мг внутривенно с интервалом в 2 нед на фоне терапии метотрексатом, нестероидными противовоспалительными препаратами и глюкокортикоидами. Клинические и лабораторные показатели анализировались непосредственно перед началом терапии, а затем через 12 и 24 нед после первой инфузии препарата.Результаты и обсуждение. К 24-й неделе терапии РТМ хороший/умеренный эффект по критериям EULAR зарегистрирован у 17 (85%) пациентов; ремиссия по DAS28 (<2,6) достигнута у 4 (20%) больных, SDAI ( ≤3,3) – у 2 (10%), CDAI ( ≤2,8) – у 1 (5%). До начала лечения активный синовит по данным энергетического допплеровского картирования (ЭД) выявлен у 13 (65%) пациентов, а при сканировании в режиме серой шкалы – у 20 (100%). На фоне терапии биоаналогом РТМ наблюдалось значимое уменьшение воспалительных изменений в суставах, и к 24-й неделе после начала лечения медиана ЭД составила 0,5; активное воспаление сохранялось у 7 (35%) больных. Как показал ROC-анализ, исходный уровень интерлейкина (ИЛ) 6 >100,0 пг/мл ассоциируется с сохранением воспалительной активности по данным ЭД к 24-й неделе терапии биоаналогом РТМ, при этом чувствительность составила 85% и специфичность – 62% (AUC 0,78, 95% доверительный интервал 0,57–0,99)Заключение. Выявлена ассоциация между повышенным уровнем провоспалительных цитокинов, в основном ИЛ6, и активностью синовиального воспаления по данным УЗИ. Для прогнозирования сохраняющейся воспалительной активности по результатам ЭД наиболее перспективным маркером является ИЛ6, другие анализируемые показатели имеют худшие параметры чувствительности и специфичности

Practical guidelines for standardising the measurement of resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry: a literature review

Accurate resting metabolic rate readings are essential for dietary planning and body composition monitoring not only for healthy individuals but also for athletes. A number of factors can alter resting metabolic rate during its measurement by indirect calorimetry. The methodology used may affect the results of the study. A clear standardisation of this procedure is needed to obtain the most accurate results.Purpose: To review the literature to determine the optimal subject condition and methodology for the resting metabolism measurement procedure using indirect calorimetry.Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. The query included key words and logical phrases: “calorimetry”, “indirect calorimetry”, “resting metabolic rate”, “energy metabolism”, “basal metabolism”, “standards”. Only Englishlanguage studies and human studies were considered. Additional information was identified because of the review and included in the review.Results: the parameters of standardization during the resting metabolism measurement procedure are described: consumption of food, ethanol, caffeine, nicotine; daily activities and physical activity; body position in space and environmental conditions during the measurement; actions of the specialist performing the procedure, etc. The article outlines effective methods for measuring resting metabolism to obtain the most accurate results in both athletes and non-athletes.Conclusion: an attempt has been made to formulate precise methodological rules for standardization and recommendations for measuring resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry

Practical recommendations for safe reduction of body weight in combat sports: scoping review

The presence of weight categories in martial arts requires an athlete to constantly maintain and control body weight and, in some cases, to reduce it. For this reason, it is common among martial artists to use forced methods of body weight reduction, which are often unphysiological and may have a negative impact on performance, as well as pose a danger to health. In this connection, it is of practical interest to search, analyse and introduce into practice physiological and safe methods of body weight reduction by athletes-athletes before participation in competitions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of various methods of weight loss in athletes preparing to participate in competitions.Materials and methods: the review was conducted according to the methodology of Scoping review. Articles were selected in the domestic data-bases eLibrary and Russian State Library, using the following keywords: «методы снижения массы тела ИЛИ снижение массы тела ИЛИ весогонка» И «единоборства ИЛИ боевые виды спорта», as well as in the foreign databases ScienceDirect and PubMed, using the following keywords: «making weight OR weight loss» AND «combat sports», placed in a search depth of 15 years.Results: we found 121 studies, 3 duplicates were excluded after initial screening, 118 studies were screened for inclusion criteria, and a total of 16 studies were included in the review.Conclusion: a reduction of 5 to 10 % of body weight less than 7 days before the official weigh-in may adversely affect performance parameters and the state of the body’s functional systems. A reduction of up to 5 % of body weight 7 or more days before the official weigh-in is the safest

Skeletal Muscle-Specific Ablation of γcyto-Actin Does Not Exacerbate the mdx Phenotype

We previously documented a ten-fold increase in γcyto-actin expression in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle and hypothesized that increased γcyto-actin expression may participate in an adaptive cytoskeletal remodeling response. To explore whether increased γcyto-actin fortifies the cortical cytoskeleton in dystrophic skeletal muscle, we generated double knockout mice lacking both dystrophin and γcyto-actin specifically in skeletal muscle (ms-DKO). Surprisingly, dystrophin-deficient mdx and ms-DKO mice presented with comparable levels of myofiber necrosis, membrane instability, and deficits in muscle function. The lack of an exacerbated phenotype in ms-DKO mice suggests γcyto-actin and dystrophin function in a common pathway. Finally, because both mdx and ms-DKO skeletal muscle showed similar levels of utrophin expression and presented with identical dystrophies, we conclude utrophin can partially compensate for the loss of dystrophin independent of a γcyto-actin-utrophin interaction

Microaspiration in GER as one of the causes of bronchial asthma exacerbation and the occurrence of chronic cough in children. History of the problem and diagnostics

The purpose of the review: to analyze the evolution of the views of clinicians and researchers on the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and its extraesophageal bronchial manifestations, and the stages of the formation of the diagnosis of microaspiration of the lower respiratory tract in children. Materials and methods. Search in electronic databases: Elibrary, Federal Electronic Medical Library of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, bibliographic database of articles on medical sciences, created by the US National Library of Medicine MEDLINE.Цель обзора: проанализировать эволюцию взглядов клиницистов и исследователей на взаимосвязь гастроэзофагального рефлюкса и его внепищеводных бронхиальных проявлений, и этапы становления диагностики микроаспирации нижних дыхательных путей у детей

Plant and animal protein for muscle mass and strength gains: a systematic review

Background: Controversial approaches to studying the effect of proteins of various origins on the functional parameters of human skeletal muscles have led to the erroneous opinion that plant-based protein is a lesser stimulator of muscle mass growth and muscle strength than animal protein. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to actually evaluate the effects of plant and animal protein intake on muscle mass and strength through studies comparing protein supplements.Methods: Literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Research Gate and the database of the Russian State Library. Studies were considered both in English and in Russian, over the past 20 years, filtered by date: from July 2002 to July 2022. Inclusion Criteria: Participants are healthy men and women over 18 years of age; taking protein supplements from plant products (soy, wheat, pea, rice, etc.); comparison with a group taking protein supplements from animal products (whey, beef, egg, etc.); studies assessed lean and/or muscle mass and assessed participants' muscle strength before and after supplementation; randomized controlled trial.Results: A total of 970 studies were found. After initial screening for title and abstract, 938 studies were excluded. Of the 32 publications selected, 5 duplicates were excluded, and after a secondary selection, 18 studies that did not meet the PICOS criteria were excluded. As a result of the search and selection, the review included 9 publications.Conclusions: Athletes and active individuals who prefer to consume plant-based protein products may not be inferior in terms of muscle strength and muscle mass to those athletes who prefer animal-based protein products. To further explore this topic, more randomized controlled trials should be conducted, taking into account the requirements for standardization and with a large number of participants.Registration: PROSPERO 2022 CRD4202234524

Practical guidelines for standardising the measurement of resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry: a literature review

Accurate resting metabolic rate readings are essential for dietary planning and body composition monitoring not only for healthy individuals but also for athletes. A number of factors can alter resting metabolic rate during its measurement by indirect calorimetry. The methodology used may affect the results of the study. A clear standardisation of this procedure is needed to obtain the most accurate results.Purpose: To review the literature to determine the optimal subject condition and methodology for the resting metabolism measurement procedure using indirect calorimetry.Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. The query included key words and logical phrases: “calorimetry”, “indirect calorimetry”, “resting metabolic rate”, “energy metabolism”, “basal metabolism”, “standards”. Only English-language studies and human studies were considered. Additional information was identified because of the review and included in the review.Results: the parameters of standardization during the resting metabolism measurement procedure are described: consumption of food, ethanol, caffeine, nicotine; daily activities and physical activity; body position in space and environmental conditions during the measurement; actions of the specialist performing the procedure, etc. The article outlines effective methods for measuring resting metabolism to obtain the most accurate results in both healthy individuals and athletes.Conclusion: an attempt has been made to formulate precise methodological rules for standardisation and recommendations for measuring resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry

Судебная молекулярно-генетическая экспертиза объектов биологического происхождения – новое направление судебно-экспертной деятельности Минюста России

The article addresses the importance and basic preconditions for the forming a new direction of forensic activity in the system of forensic institutions of the Russian Ministry of Justice a new direction of forensic activity - molecular-genetic analysis of the objects of biological origin. The authors present the advantages of DNA analysis - one of the most modern and efficient methods in investigating criminal cases. The article also demonstrates the potential of different methods of DNA-analysis for forensic investigations. The history of forensic DNA-analysis development in Russia and its features when examining the human, animal, and plant biomaterials are briefly discussed. The authors propose the definitions for the molecular-genetic examinations’ object and subject, formulate the model tasks, and suggest a list of sample questions for this study.Рассмотрены актуальность и основные предпосылки формирования в системе судебноэкспертных учреждений Минюста России нового направления судебно-экспертной деятельности – молекулярно-генетической экспертизы объектов биологического происхождения. Описаны преимущества метода исследования ДНК, который является одним из самых современных и эффективных инструментов при расследовании уголовных дел. Показаны возможности применения различных методов ДНК-анализа при производстве судебных экспертиз. Кратко изложена история возникновения судебной молекулярно-генетической экспертизы в Российской Федерации и особенности ее производства при исследовании биоматериала человека, животных, растений. Представлены определения объекта, предмета молекулярно-генетической экспертизы объектов биологического происхождения, сформулированы типовые задачи и составлен примерный перечень вопросов, ставящихся на разрешение данной экспертизы