Role of stem cells in large bowel carcinogenesis

Сancer stem cells (CSC) play a significant role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. They are capable of self-senewal and multipotent differentiation. CSC can be formed from stem cells or mutant by dedifferentiation of crypt epithelial cells. Recently, much attention is paid to CSC in colon cancer, but very little has been published regarding their expression in colon polyps. In 2010 The World Health Organization attributed the so-called serrated lesions, including hyperplastic polyp, serrated sessile adenoma and traditional serrated adenoma to a group of precancerous lesions of the colon in addition to the classical tubular, villous and tubulo-villous adenomas. Despite the large number of publications devoted to the newly selected category, a full understanding of the processes involved in the formation of polyps and their progression into colon cancer, there is still no. Identification of CSC in colon polyps will assess their potential malignancy conduct adequate therapy, determine the amount of the operation and further treatment strategy. This in turn will contribute to the early detection and prevention of cancer. Identification of CSC, an assessment of their localization and distribution in tubular adenomas, serrated adenoma broad-based, traditional serrated adenoma and hyperplastic polyps allow to evaluate the potential of malignancy and prognosis for each of the polyps. In this regard, the definition of markers characteristic of colon CSC, is interesting not only from a scientific, but also from a practical point of view

КАРЦИНОИД ЧЕРВЕОБРАЗНОГО ОТРОСТКА У ПОСТРАДАВШЕГО С ОДНОВРЕМЕННЫМИ РАНЕНИЯМИ ГРУДИ И ЖИВОТА

The article reports a clinical case of surgical therapy of a patient with simultaneous chest and abdomen trauma and carcinoid of the appendix.В статье представлено клиническое наблюдение хирургического лечения пациента с одновременными ранениями груди и живота и карциноидом червеобразного отростка

How calcination affects the morphology and the catalytic activity of polymer supported Nickel

A nickel containing monomer, Ni(AAEMA)2 (AAEMA = deprotonated form of 2-(acetoacetoxy) ethyl methacrylate) was co-polymerized with ethyl methacrylate (co-monomer) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linker) [1]. The obtained polymer was a green methacrylic resin containing Ni(II) centers homogeneously dispersed in the catalyst, which resulted insoluble in all common organic solvents and in water. The material can be described as an amphiphilic resin, air and moisture stable, with the peculiarity to swell in halogenated solvents, acetone and water and to shrink in diethyl ether and petroleum ether. The polymer was calcined under reductive conditions (dihydrogen with initial pressure of 5 bar) following two procedures, differing from each other for the cooling conditions. In the first procedure the calcined material was cooled under dihydrogen gas, while in the second one the cooling step occurred under air. After calcination, the green Ni(II) based co-polymer turned into black resins, Ni-res1 (obtained with hydrogen cooling) and Ni-res2 ((obtained with air cooling). TEM analyses showed that both Ni-res1 and Ni-res2 supported Ni nanoparticles with different morphologies, being the metal nanoparticles onto Ni-res1 smaller than the ones dispersed in Ni-res2, that had an urchin-like shape. Both Ni based co-polymers were tested as catalysts in the reduction of nitrobenzene with NaBH4 [2]. Ni-res1 resulted more active and selective towards aniline, with respect to Ni-res2. [1] M.M. Dell’Anna, G. Romanazzi, P. Mastrorilli, Curr. Org. Chem. 17 (2013) 1236 [2] A.M. Fiore, G. Romanazzi, M.M. Dell’Anna, M. Latronico, C. Leonelli, A. Rizzuti, M. Mali, P. Mastrorilli, Mol. Catal. 476 (2019) 11050

Роль стволовых клеток в канцерогенезе толстой кишки

Сancer stem cells (CSC) play a significant role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. They are capable of self-senewal and multipotent differentiation. CSC can be formed from stem cells or mutant by dedifferentiation of crypt epithelial cells. Recently, much attention is paid to CSC in colon cancer, but very little has been published regarding their expression in colon polyps. In 2010 The World Health Organization attributed the so-called serrated lesions, including hyperplastic polyp, serrated sessile adenoma and traditional serrated adenoma to a group of precancerous lesions of the colon in addition to the classical tubular, villous and tubulo-villous adenomas. Despite the large number of publications devoted to the newly selected category, a full understanding of the processes involved in the formation of polyps and their progression into colon cancer, there is still no. Identification of CSC in colon polyps will assess their potential malignancy conduct adequate therapy, determine the amount of the operation and further treatment strategy. This in turn will contribute to the early detection and prevention of cancer. Identification of CSC, an assessment of their localization and distribution in tubular adenomas, serrated adenoma broad-based, traditional serrated adenoma and hyperplastic polyps allow to evaluate the potential of malignancy and prognosis for each of the polyps. In this regard, the definition of markers characteristic of colon CSC, is interesting not only from a scientific, but also from a practical point of view.Значительную роль в развитии и прогрессировании колоректального рака играют так называемые стволовые клетки опухоли (cancer stem cells, CSC), которые способны к самоподдержанию и мультипотентной дифференцировке. CSC могут образовываться из мутантных стволовых клеток или путем дедифференцировки эпителиальных клеток крипты. В последнее время большое внимание уделяется изучению роли CSC в раке толстой кишки, но крайне мало публикаций относительно их экспрессии в полипах толстой кишки. По классификации Всемирной организации здравоохранения (2010) в группу предопухолевых поражений толстой кишки помимо классических тубулярных, ворсинчатых и тубулоборсинчатых аденом отнесены так называемые зубчатые образования, включающие гиперпластический полип, зубчатую аденому на широком основании и традиционную зубчатую аденому. Большое количество публикаций посвящено вновь выделенным категориям CSC, но полного понимания процессов, вовлеченных в формирование полипов и их прогрессию в рак толстой кишки, до сих пор нет. Идентификация CSC в полипах толстой кишки позволит оценить их потенциал злокачественности, проводить адекватную терапию, определить объем операции и дальнейшую тактику лечения. Это в свою очередь будет способствовать раннему обнаружению и предотвращению рака. Выявление CSC, оценка их локализации и распределения в тубулярной аденоме, зубчатой аденоме на широком основании, традиционной зубчатой аденоме и гиперпластическом полипе позволяют оценить потенциал злокачественности и прогноз для каждого полипа. В связи с этим определение маркеров, характерных для CSC толстой кишки, представляется интересным не только с научной, но и с практической точки зрения

Effect of lithium borate coating on the electrochemical properties of LiCoO2 electrode for lithium-ion batteries

The effect of a protective coating of fused lithium borate, Li3BO3, on the physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics of LiCoO2 has been studied. A cathode material produced by the SCS method using binary organic fuel, glycine and citric acid. The influence of the experiment conditions on the morphology, crystal structure and specific surface of lithium cobaltite was studied. Electrochemical testing of LiCoO2∙nLi3BO3 samples, n = 5 and 7 mass %, has been performed in the cathode Li|Li+-electrolyte|LiCoO2∙nLi3BO3 half-cell using 1M LiPF6 in EC/DMC mixture (1:1) as electrolyte in the 2.7-4.3 V range at normalized discharge current С/10, С/5, С/2. The maximal initial discharge capacity of 185 mAh/g was detected for the samples with 5 mass % Li3BO3. The coulomb efficiency of optimal materials in the 40th cycle was 99.1%

The Induction of APC with a Distinct Tolerogenic Phenotype via Contact-Dependent STAT3 Activation

BACKGROUND: Activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) within antigen presenting cells (APCs) is linked to abnormal APCs differentiation and function. We have previously shown that STAT3 is activated within APC by a novel contact-dependent mechanism, which plays a key role in mediating the immunomodulatory effects of hMSC. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms that control APC maturation in a contact dependent manner, we extended our observation to tumor cells. Tumors were shown to secrete a variety of tumor-derived factors that activate STAT3 within infiltrating APCs. We now tested whether tumor cells can activate STAT3 within APC using the contact-dependent mechanism, in addition to soluble factors, and compared these two STAT3 activating pathways. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We demonstrate that in addition to tumor-derived secreted factors tumor cells activate STAT3 by a mechanism that is based on cell-cell interaction. We further demonstrate that these two STAT3 activating mechanisms differ in their JAK usage and their susceptibility to JSI-124 inhibition thereby representing two distinct pathways. Significantly, although both pathways activate STAT3, they modulate DCs maturation in a different manner that results in disparate phenotypic outcomes. Whereas the soluble-dependent pathway results in an immature phenotype, the contact-dependent pathway results in an apparently mature phenotype. Albeit their mature-like phenotype these latter cells express the tolerogenic markers ILT3 and ILT4 and possess T cell inhibitory activity. SIGNIFICANCE: This data suggests that, in at least certain cellular microenvironments, cell:cell interactions represent a novel way to activate STAT3 signaling, uncouple APC activation events and consequently regulate immunity and tolerance. Significantly, we have now demonstrated that this contact-dependent signaling pathway differs from that mediated by soluble factors and cytokines, inducing disparate phenotypic outcome, suggesting these two mechanisms have different and possibly complementary biological functions

FEATURES OF HEART RATE REGULATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

Cardiointervalography is an important method of analyzing the regulation of heart rate variability, which allows evaluating the balance of the entire spectrum of humoral-metabolic and vegetative effects, both in condition of physiological rest and in various functional tests. It is noted that in hypertensive patients, in most cases, there is a chronic predominance of ergotrophic metabolic reactions that reflect the system tension in the regulatory mechanisms. The aim of our study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the features of the mechanisms of heart rate regulation in adolescents with confirmed essential hypertension and their healthy age mates. Material and methods. The study involved 50 adolescents (12–16 years of age) – 26 boys and 24 girls with labile essential hypertension (EHT) and stage 1 HT on the background of the standard medical correction of blood pressure (enalapril 0,58 mg/kg per day). Each participant of the study and control group underwent recording of at least 512 cardio cycles in the state of physiological rest in a sitting position, as well as registration of blood pressure. Results and discussion. We have found that for adolescents with EHT a significantly lower (by 15 %) average duration of the heart cycle is typical in combination with a decrease in the variation range, which indicates some rigidity of the heart rate regulatory mechanisms. The relative decrease in the proportion of high-frequency spectrum components in comparison with the low-frequency and very low-frequency ranges in adolescents with hypertension also indicated a tendency to predominance of sympathicotonic effects with the predominant involvement of the structures of the diencephalic region and the brain stem. At the same time blood pressure inversely correlated with the index of the variation range of cardiointervals, reflecting the lower adaptive potential of the heart rate regulation mechanisms. Conclusion. We have found regular changes in the regulation of heart rate in adolescents with hypertension, that can be taken as markers of its progressive development and used by clinicians to develop more personalized approaches to medication treatment

Effect of Lithium Borate Coating on the Electrochemical Properties of LiCoO2 Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Received: 13.10.2020. Revised: 18.11.2020. Accepted: 26.11.2020. Available online: 21.12.2020.This article belongs to the regular issue.The effect of a protective coating of fused lithium borate, Li3BO3, on the physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics of LiCoO2 has been studied. A cathode material produced by the SCS method using binary organic fuel, glycine and citric acid. The influence of the experiment conditions on the morphology, crystal structure and specific surface of lithium cobaltite was studied. Electrochemical testing of LiCoO2∙nLi3BO3 samples, n = 5 and 7 mass %, has been performed in the cathode Li|Li+-electrolyte|LiCoO2∙nLi3BO3 half-cell using 1M LiPF6 in EC/DMC mixture (1:1) as electrolyte in the 2.7-4.3 V range at normalized discharge current С/10, С/5, С/2. The maximal initial discharge capacity of 185 mAh/g was detected for the samples with 5 mass % Li3BO3. The coulomb efficiency of optimal materials in the 40th cycle was 99.1%.The work was performed in accordance with the state as-signments of the Institute of Chemistry of Solids of the Ural Branch of the RAS, No. AAAA-A19-119031890026-6 and No. АААА-А19-119102990044-6, the state assignment of the Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the RAS, No. АААА-А19-119061890019-5, and Thematic map No. 0089-2019-0007 «Functional materials for chemical power sources»

Successful experience in treating primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma occuring with common lesions of the skin and lung tissue

The aim of the study is to present a successful case in treating primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PCALCL) occurring with common lesions of the skin and lung tissue.Materials and methods. For the verification of the diagnosis in a patient with three types of skin elements (spot, thin plaque with and without ulceration), differential diagnosis was performed between ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum, PCALCL, large-cell transformation of mycosis fungoides, and secondary skin lesions under the nodal ALK-negtaive ALCL. A complex of studies, including histological, immunohisto - chemical, cytogenetic studies of skin tumor biopsy, allowed the verification of the PCALCL diagnosis. For the treatment of the patient, intensive induction chemotherapy was used followed by high-dose consolidation and autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells.Results. The selected treatment tactics allowed a long-term complete remission of the disease to be achieved in a patient from the poor prognosis group.Conclusion. An algorithm for the differential diagnosis and tactics of treating is presented for a patient with primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma with a widespread skin lesion and extradermal foci