Selling Streetness as Experience. The Role of Street Art Tours in Branding the Creative City

This article looks at the street art tours industry in London, and its function in constructing the geographic, economic and symbolic value of street art. The street art world of the capital has reached a substantial level of institutional endorsement as a proper urban creative practice, through backing such as by local councils and private developers, art galleries and book publishers. This article examines the role of walking tours in holding up street art as a cultural product of the creative city. It argues that London’s street art scene is constructed and legitimated by these tours through the strategic deployment of an authoritative discourse. Street art tours’ routes and locations are then integrated into a longer lineage of endorsements for the cultural field of street art, and interpreted as branding strategies for the creative city. In the conclusion, the role of walking tours in gentrification and urban change is discussed, with a focus on how street art works and murals contribute to performing Shoreditch as a hub of vibrancy and urban creativity

MAPK-pathway inhibition mediates inflammatory reprogramming and sensitizes tumors to targeted activation of innate immunity sensor RIG-I

Kinase inhibitors suppress the growth of oncogene driven cancer but also enforce the selection of treatment resistant cells that are thought to promote tumor relapse in patients. Here, we report transcriptomic and functional genomics analyses of cells and tumors within their microenvironment across different genotypes that persist during kinase inhibitor treatment. We uncover a conserved, MAPK/IRF1-mediated inflammatory response in tumors that undergo stemness- and senescence-associated reprogramming. In these tumor cells, activation of the innate immunity sensor RIG-I via its agonist IVT4, triggers an interferon and a pro-apoptotic response that synergize with concomitant kinase inhibition. In humanized lung cancer xenografts and a syngeneic Egfr-driven lung cancer model these effects translate into reduction of exhausted CD8(+) T cells and robust tumor shrinkage. Overall, the mechanistic understanding of MAPK/IRF1-mediated intratumoral reprogramming may ultimately prolong the efficacy of targeted drugs in genetically defined cancer patients

Bestimmung der massgebenden statischen und dynamischen Windlastverteilung an Hallentragwerken aus Stahl unter Ausnutzung des plastischen Tragverhaltens

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RR 7808(321) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekStifterverband fuer die Deutsche Wissenschaft e.V., Essen (Germany). Stiftung StahlanwendungsforschungDEGerman

Designing Nuclear Fuels with a Multi-Principal Element Alloying Approach

Previous research has shown that multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) using chromium, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, and zirconium can form stable body-centered-cubic (BCC) structures across a large temperature region (25°C to 1000°C). This is the same crystal structure as γ-uranium (U), which has shown desirable thermal and irradiation behavior in previous alloy fuel research. It is hypothesized then that the MPEA alloying approach can be used to produce a stable BCC uranium-bearing alloy and to retain its stability throughout anticipated operating regimes of power-producing reactors. Candidate elements were assessed using Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) analysis to determine uranium densities necessary to make the alloy an economically viable fuel compared to conventional fuel forms. Following neutronic considerations, materials property databases and empirical predictors were used to determine the compositions with a high potential to form a BCC solid solution alloy. The final four alloys were MoNbTaU2, MoNbTiU2, NbTaTiU2, and NbTaVU2, which were cast using arc melting of raw elemental foils and chunks. Characterization of the fabricated alloys included scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed a two-phase system with a U-rich matrix phase surrounding the refractory precipitates. The U phase was found to contain varying concentrations of the alloying elements and was a BCC γ-U phase. These results warrant further research to identify ideal compositions for use as an advanced alloy fuel.</p

Systematische Untersuchung des Schwingungsverhaltens sehr schlanker Bauteile (Windverbaende und Haenger von Bruecken) im Wind und im Hinblick auf geeignete Konstruktions- und Bemessungsregeln (z.B. in DIN 18809 und den Eurocodes)

Das vorliegende Forschungsvorhaben liefert eine umfangreiche Ergaenzung wichtiger aerodynamischer Beiwerte zur Berechnung von wirbelerregten- und Gallopingschwingungen an schlanken Bauteilen im natuerlichen Wind. Ein Bauteil wird im Rahmen dieser Untersuchungen als schlank bezeichnet, wenn sein l/d Verhaeltnis groesser als 10 ist (l = Bauteillaenge, d = Bauteilbreite). Die untersuchten Profiltypen entsprechen in der Praxis gebraeuchlichen Formen. Hierzu zaehlen z.B.: Rechteckprofile, I-Profile, T-Profile, Kreuzprofile, L-Profile und der Kreis. (orig./RHM)The present research project provides a comprehensive supplement of important aerodynamic coefficients for the calculation of vibrations caused by eddies and galloping vibrations on slim building components in natural wind. A building component is defined as slim within the framework of this study if its l/d ratio is greater than 10 (l=length, d=depth). The section types studied correspond to forms common in practical use. These include, for example rectangular sections, I sections, T sections, cross sections, L sections and circular sections. (orig./RHM)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: ZA 4681(634)+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

RIG-I Detects Triphosphorylated RNA of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> during Infection in Non-Immune Cells

<div><p>The innate immune system senses pathogens by pattern recognition receptors in different cell compartments. In the endosome, bacteria are generally recognized by TLRs; facultative intracellular bacteria such as <i>Listeria</i>, however, can escape the endosome. Once in the cytosol, they become accessible to cytosolic pattern recognition receptors, which recognize components of the bacterial cell wall, metabolites or bacterial nucleic acids and initiate an immune response in the host cell. Current knowledge has been focused on the type I IFN response to <i>Listeria</i> DNA or <i>Listeria</i>-derived second messenger c-di-AMP via the signaling adaptor STING. Our study focused on the recognition of <i>Listeria</i> RNA in the cytosol. With the aid of a novel labeling technique, we have been able to visualize immediate cytosolic delivery of Listeria RNA upon infection. Infection with <i>Listeria</i> as well as transfection of bacterial RNA induced a type-I-IFN response in human monocytes, epithelial cells or hepatocytes. However, in contrast to monocytes, the type-I-IFN response of epithelial cells and hepatocytes was not triggered by bacterial DNA, indicating a STING-independent <i>Listeria</i> recognition pathway. RIG-I and MAVS knock-down resulted in abolishment of the IFN response in epithelial cells, but the IFN response in monocytic cells remained unaffected. By contrast, knockdown of STING in monocytic cells reduced cytosolic <i>Listeria-</i>mediated type-I-IFN induction. Our results show that detection of <i>Listeria</i> RNA by RIG-I represents a non-redundant cytosolic immunorecognition pathway in non-immune cells lacking a functional STING dependent signaling pathway.</p></div