Free sugars in spelt wholemeal and flour

Spelt (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta) is experiencing a renaissance in Europe and North America, where it is used for baking, brewing, production of pasta, and self-supplied animal feed. One of the characteristics of spelt is that in comparison to modern wheat it is more resistant to harsh climatic and poor soil conditions. In contrast to wheat the hulls remain on the grain after threshing. Drawbacks are that spelt yields are quite low compared to modern wheat. The subject of the current study was to gain information about the composition of soluble sugars and their concentrations in spelt wholemeal and flour. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for analysis. Concentrations of nine free sugars in spelt wholemeal and flour are reported. Flour cumulative free sugar concentrations were 63% lower than in wholemeal. For comparisons, we also analyzed wholemeal of wheat. The cumulative concentration of free sugars was 27% lower than in spelt wholemeal. However, when published data for sugar concentration ranges of wheat are taken into account, the total concentration of free sugar was not different between spelt and modern wheats. Low concentrations of xylose and stachyose were detected in spelt. Higher concentrations of fructans such as 1-kestose and kestotetraose were detected in spelt when compared with wheat. Generally, concentrations of free sugars in spelt were in the range of free sugar levels published for wheat, except for maltose which was higher in spelt

Jet quenching pattern at LHC in PYQUEN model

The first LHC data on high transverse momentum hadron and dijet spectra in PbPb collisions at center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are analyzed in the frameworks of PYQUEN jet quenching model. The presented studies for the nuclear modification factor of high-pT hadrons and the imbalance in dijet transverse energy support the supposition that the intensive wide-angular ("out-of-cone") medium-induced partonic energy loss is seen in central PbPb collisions at the LHC.Comment: 5 pages including 4 figures as EPS-files; prepared using LaTeX package for publication in the European Physical Journal

Decoherence and energy loss in QCD cascades in nuclear collisions

The medium modifications in the properties of QCD cascades are considered. In particular, the changes in the intrajet rapidity distributions due to medium-induced decoherence, collisional losses of cascade gluons and those of final prehadrons are analyzed

Transport Theoretical Description of Collisional Energy Loss in Infinite Quark-Gluon Matter

We study the time evolution of a high-momentum gluon or quark propagating through an infinite, thermalized, partonic medium utilizing a Boltzmann equation approach. We calculate the collisional energy loss of the parton, study its temperature and flavor dependence as well as the the momentum broadening incurred through multiple interactions. Our transport calculations agree well with analytic calculations of collisional energy-loss where available, but offer the unique opportunity to address the medium response as well in a consistent fashion.Comment: 12 pages, updated with additional references and typos correcte

CONTAINER MATERIALS, FABRICATION AND ROBUSTNESS

The multi-barrier 3013 container used to package plutonium-bearing materials is robust and thereby highly resistant to identified degradation modes that might cause failure. The only viable degradation mechanisms identified by a panel of technical experts were pressurization within and corrosion of the containers. Evaluations of the container materials and the fabrication processes and resulting residual stresses suggest that the multi-layered containers will mitigate the potential for degradation of the outer container and prevent the release of the container contents to the environment. Additionally, the ongoing surveillance programs and laboratory studies should detect any incipient degradation of containers in the 3013 storage inventory before an outer container is compromised

Structure and Anti-TB Activity of Trachylobanes from the Liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia ssp. cordifolia

In the critical search for new antituberculosis lead compounds, bryophytes represent a largely untapped resource of chemically diverse structures. From the liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia, 11 new trachylobane diterpene derivatives, as well as three known compounds, were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic means, and full 1H NMR spin analysis of one model compound confirmed the relative configurational assignments of the congeners. Four of the isolates exhibited noticeable activity against virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 61−24 μg/mL. This finding suggests that bryophytes in general and trachylobanes in particular deserve further attention in the search for new antimycobacterial leads

Les Houches 2013: Physics at TeV Colliders: Standard Model Working Group Report

This Report summarizes the proceedings of the 2013 Les Houches workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders. Session 1 dealt primarily with (1) the techniques for calculating standard model multi-leg NLO and NNLO QCD and NLO EW cross sections and (2) the comparison of those cross sections with LHC data from Run 1, and projections for future measurements in Run 2.Comment: Proceedings of the Standard Model Working Group of the 2013 Les Houches Workshop, Physics at TeV Colliders, Les houches 3-21 June 2013. 200 page

Emerging pharmacotherapy of tinnitus

Tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of an auditory stimulus, is perceived by about 1 in 10 adults, and for at least 1 in 100, tinnitus severely affects their quality of life. Because tinnitus is frequently associated with irritability, agitation, stress, insomnia, anxiety and depression, the social and economic burdens of tinnitus can be enormous. No curative treatments are available. However, tinnitus symptoms can be alleviated to some extent. The most widespread management therapies consist of auditory stimulation and cognitive behavioral treatment, aiming at improving habituation and coping strategies. Available clinical trials vary in methodological rigor and have been performed for a considerable number of different drugs. None of the investigated drugs have demonstrated providing replicable long-term reduction of tinnitus impact in the majority of patients in excess of placebo effects. Accordingly, there are no FDA or European Medicines Agency approved drugs for the treatment of tinnitus. However, in spite of the lack of evidence, a large variety of different compounds are prescribed off-label. Therefore, more effective pharmacotherapies for this huge and still growing market are desperately needed and even a drug that produces only a small but significant effect would have an enormous therapeutic impact. This review describes current and emerging pharmacotherapies with current difficulties and limitations. In addition, it provides an estimate of the tinnitus market. Finally, it describes recent advances in the tinnitus field which may help overcome obstacles faced in the pharmacological treatment of tinnitus. These include incomplete knowledge of tinnitus pathophysiology, lack of well-established animal models, heterogeneity of different forms of tinnitus, difficulties in tinnitus assessment and outcome measurement and variability in clinical trial methodology. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.Fil: Langguth, Berthold. Universitat Regensburg; AlemaniaFil: Salvi, Richard. State University of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Elgoyhen, Ana Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentin