Sugarcane genes associated with sucrose content

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background -</p> <p>Sucrose content is a highly desirable trait in sugarcane as the worldwide demand for cost-effective biofuels surges. Sugarcane cultivars differ in their capacity to accumulate sucrose and breeding programs routinely perform crosses to identify genotypes able to produce more sucrose. Sucrose content in the mature internodes reach around 20% of the culms dry weight. Genotypes in the populations reflect their genetic program and may display contrasting growth, development, and physiology, all of which affect carbohydrate metabolism. Few studies have profiled gene expression related to sugarcane's sugar content. The identification of signal transduction components and transcription factors that might regulate sugar accumulation is highly desirable if we are to improve this characteristic of sugarcane plants.</p> <p>Results -</p> <p>We have evaluated thirty genotypes that have different Brix (sugar) levels and identified genes differentially expressed in internodes using cDNA microarrays. These genes were compared to existing gene expression data for sugarcane plants subjected to diverse stress and hormone treatments. The comparisons revealed a strong overlap between the drought and sucrose-content datasets and a limited overlap with ABA signaling. Genes associated with sucrose content were extensively validated by qRT-PCR, which highlighted several protein kinases and transcription factors that are likely to be regulators of sucrose accumulation. The data also indicate that aquaporins, as well as lignin biosynthesis and cell wall metabolism genes, are strongly related to sucrose accumulation. Moreover, sucrose-associated genes were shown to be directly responsive to short term sucrose stimuli, confirming their role in sugar-related pathways.</p> <p>Conclusion -</p> <p>Gene expression analysis of sugarcane populations contrasting for sucrose content indicated a possible overlap with drought and cell wall metabolism processes and suggested signaling and transcriptional regulators to be used as molecular markers in breeding programs. Transgenic research is necessary to further clarify the role of the genes and define targets useful for sugarcane improvement programs based on transgenic plants.</p

High-intensity interval training is similar to continuous aerobic training for reducing body fat mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Introduction: Guidelines on obesity management reinforce regular exercise to reduce body fat. Exercise modalities, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), appear to produce a similar effect as continuous aerobic training (CAT) on body fat distribution. However, they have not addressed the chronic effect of HIIT versus CAT on body fat assessed by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Objective: To compare the effectiveness between CAT and HIIT protocols on body fat (% BF and android) fat reduction assessed by DEXA, in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) including both female and male adults with excess body weight. We performed searches in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science and Cochrane

High-intensity interval training is similar to continuous aerobic training for reducing body fat mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Introduction: Guidelines on obesity management reinforce regular exercise to reduce body fat. Exercise modalities, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), appear to produce a similar effect as continuous aerobic training (CAT) on body fat distribution. However, they have not addressed the chronic effect of HIIT versus CAT on body fat assessed by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Objective: To compare the effectiveness between CAT and HIIT protocols on body fat (% BF and android) fat reduction assessed by DEXA, in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) including both female and male adults with excess body weight. We performed searches in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science and Cochrane.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

EFFECT OF EXERCISE TRAINING ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH EXCESS WEIGHT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS

Individuals with excess weight have impaired endothelial function and increased risk of atherosclerosis. Exercise training is essential for the management of excess weight, but little is known about its effects on endothelial function in this population. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the effects of exercise training on endothelial function in individuals with excess weight. Methods: Our review study included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults (≥18 years of age) with body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0 kg/m2. Our search was conducted in the electronic bases MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, LILACS and EMBASE and in the gray literature. We performed random-effects analyses for effect estimates and used 95% prediction intervals (95% PI) for estimating the uncertainty of the study results. We also assessed the risk of bias using RoB 2 tool and the strength of the body of evidence (GRADE) of the studies. RStudio software was used for statistical analyses