BIM for FM: Input versus Output data

In the last decade, the implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in facilities management has significantly increased among practitioners. This has largely been due to the noticeable BIM capability in collecting, capturing and generating data/information during the lifecycle of assets through Open data standards such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and specifications such as the Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie). However, accuracies of data and interoperability between facilities management and BIM software systems are still the main challenges for facilities managers. Thus existing applications of BIM for facilities management often output data that does not satisfy the facilities management requirements. Furthermore, the existing frameworks for overcoming the interoperability are generally inclined towards software oriented or theoretical procedures. The purpose of this paper is to develop BIM ‐ based guidelines, which enable to integrate data between the facilities and BIM software systems to keep the data accurate and ensure the outputs achieve the required data/information for facilities management. To achieve the aim of the study, a critical review of peer‐reviewed literature in BIM‐ facilities management and a case study are conducted. The critical review discusses the challenges, gaps and linking approaches of the peer‐reviewed studies about BIM‐facilities management integration. The case study is to assess the suitability of integrating a building modelling tool (e.g. Revit), Open data specification (COBie) and a facility management tool (e.g. Ecodomus) for exchanging data between BIM and facilities management environments. This paper provides practical evidence of both the challenges and the benefits of BIM in facilities management applications and also provides the requirements for successful proprietary middleware for BIM-FM interoperability

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Avsunviroidae

[EN] Members of the family Avsunviroidae have a single-stranded circular RNA genome that adopts a rod-like or branched conformation and can form, in the strands of either polarity, hammerhead ribozymes involved in their replication in plastids through a symmetrical RNA-RNA rolling-circle mechanism. These viroids lack the central conserved region typical of members of the family Pospiviroidae. The family Avsunviroidae includes three genera, Avsunviroid, Pelamoviroid and Elaviroid, with a total of four species. This is a summary of the ICTV Report on the taxonomy of the family Avsunviroidae, which is available at /http:/www.ictv.global/report/avsunvirodae.Production of this summary, the online chapter and associated resources was funded by a grant from the Wellcome Trust (WT108418AIA).Di Serio, F.; Li, S.; Matousek, J.; Owens, R.; Pallás Benet, V.; Randles, J.; Sano, T.... (2018). ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Avsunviroidae. Journal of General Virology. 99(5):611-612. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001045S611612995Flores, R., Daròs, J.-A., & Hernández, C. (2000). Avsunviroidae family: Viroids containing hammerhead ribozymes. Advances in Virus Research, 271-323. doi:10.1016/s0065-3527(00)55006-4Hutchins, C. J., Rathjen, P. D., Forster, A. C., & Symons, R. H. (1986). Self-cleavage of plus and minus RNA transcripts of avocado sunblotch viroid. Nucleic Acids Research, 14(9), 3627-3640. doi:10.1093/nar/14.9.3627Kuhn, D. N., Geering, A. D. W., & Dixon, J. (2017). Avocado Sunblotch Viroid. Viroids and Satellites, 297-305. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00028-0FLORES, R., DELGADO, S., RODIO, M.-E., AMBRÓS, S., HERNÁNDEZ, C., & SERIO, F. D. (2006). Peach latent mosaic viroid: not so latent. Molecular Plant Pathology, 7(4), 209-221. doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00332.xFlores, R., Gago-Zachert, S., Serra, P., De la Peña, M., & Navarro, B. (2017). Chrysanthemum Chlorotic Mottle Viroid. Viroids and Satellites, 331-338. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801498-1.00031-0Daròs, J.-A. (2016). Eggplant latent viroid: a friendly experimental system in the familyAvsunviroidae. Molecular Plant Pathology, 17(8), 1170-1177. doi:10.1111/mpp.12358Dufour, D., de la Peña, M., Gago, S., Flores, R., & Gallego, J. (2008). Structure–function analysis of the ribozymes of chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid: a loop–loop interaction motif conserved in most natural hammerheads. Nucleic Acids Research, 37(2), 368-381. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn91

Citrus viroid II variants associated with 'Gummy Bark' disease

A viroid etiology for citrus gummy bark (CGB) disease of sweet orange is supported by the similarity of symptom expression to cachexia disease of mandarins and tangelos caused by the hop stunt viroid (HSVd) related citrus viroid II (CVd-II), as well as the detection of CVd-II variants in CGB infected Washington navel and Dörtyol sweet orange, a Turkish cultivar. A survey was made of 67 clones of CVd-II related variants recovered from severe CGB symptomatic and non-symptomatic trees of the same cultivars growing in close proximity. Only CVd-IIa, a non-cachexia inducing variant, was found in non-symptomatic Washington navel trees and no CVd-II variants were recovered from the Dörtyol control. CGB infected sources contained a number of CVd-II related variants with the predominant species detected closely related to CVd-IIc, a known cachexia inducing viroid. Biological activity of representactive variants from CGB sources was determined by transmission to citron (Citrus medica) as well as by bioassay on the indexing host for cachexia, Parson's Special mandarin (Citrus reticulata)