Star Formation Rates for photometric samples of galaxies using machine learning methods

Star Formation Rates or SFRs are crucial to constrain theories of galaxy formation and evolution. SFRs are usually estimated via spectroscopic observations requiring large amounts of telescope time. We explore an alternative approach based on the photometric estimation of global SFRs for large samples of galaxies, by using methods such as automatic parameter space optimisation, and supervised Machine Learning models. We demonstrate that, with such approach, accurate multi-band photometry allows to estimate reliable SFRs. We also investigate how the use of photometric rather than spectroscopic redshifts, affects the accuracy of derived global SFRs. Finally, we provide a publicly available catalogue of SFRs for more than 27 million galaxies extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky survey Data Release 7. The catalogue is available through the Vizier facility at the following link ftp://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/pub/cats/J/MNRAS/486/1377

Evaluating the Efficacy of Lysozyme Against Lactic Acid Bacteria Under Different Winemaking Scenarios

This study evaluated the efficacy of lysozyme in winemaking to control lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In a wineryvinification, indigenous LAB were partially and completely inhibited when lysozyme was added to red and whitegrape must respectively. This result was confirmed by using two selected strains of Lactobacillus brevis andOenococcus oeni to contaminate the grape must. In the red wine microvinification, the cell population decreasedonly temporarily and malolactic fermentation terminated at different times, depending on the grape must pH andlysozyme dosage. In the white wine microvinification, cell mortality rates differed according to lysozyme dosagerather than pH values. During the fermentation, lysozyme activity was stable or decreased, depending on theabsence or presence of grape must respectively. The study highlighted that lysozyme efficacy is strongly affected bythe type of vinification

Hybrid Storage System Control Strategy for All-Electric Powered Ships

Abstract In marine applications all-electric propulsion systems are employed on surface ships that are subjected to particular constraints, generally due to environmental restrictions. The technological advancement of electrochemical batteries, which are today characterized by higher capacity and efficiency, has widened their fields of application, although these storage systems require an accurate design to limit their initial and maintenance costs. In order to reduce battery charge and discharge peak currents, supercapacitor modules are generally adopted with the aim to extend batteries expected life. The proper management of energy fluxes within the hybrid architecture, and in particular among batteries, capacitors and loads requires a specific control, called EMS – Energy Management Strategy. In this paper, a novel EMS, based on constrained minimization problem, is proposed and verified with reference to a case study of a waterbus operating in restricted waterways on different routes. The procedure is based on a preliminary solution of an off-line optimization with respect to a known mission profile. Hence, a real-time control strategy is properly evaluated, in order to guarantee robustness against the unavoidable uncertainties, which occur during the operating conditions. In the last part of the paper, a numerical application is presented with the purpose to emphasize the feasibility of the proposal

Photometric SFR using machine learning

Star formation rates (SFRs) are crucial to constrain theories of galaxy formation and evolution. SFRs are usually estimated via spectroscopic observations requiring large amounts of telescope time. We explore an alternative approach based on the photometric estimation of global SFRs for large samples of galaxies, by using methods such as automatic parameter space optimisation, and supervised machine learning models. We demonstrate that, with such approach, accurate multiband photometry allows to estimate reliable SFRs. We also investigate how the use of photometric rather than spectroscopic redshifts, affects the accuracy of derived global SFRs. Finally, we provide a publicly available catalogue of SFRs for more than 27 million galaxies extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. The catalogue will be made available through the Vizier facility

A novel approach to the classification of terrestrial drainage networks based on deep learning and preliminary results on solar system bodies

Several approaches were proposed to describe the geomorphology of drainage networks and the abiotic/biotic factors determining their morphology. There is an intrinsic complexity of the explicit qualification of the morphological variations in response to various types of control factors and the difficulty of expressing the cause-effect links. Traditional methods of drainage network classification are based on the manual extraction of key characteristics, then applied as pattern recognition schemes. These approaches, however, have low predictive and uniform ability. We present a different approach, based on the data-driven supervised learning by images, extended also to extraterrestrial cases. With deep learning models, the extraction and classification phase is integrated within a more objective, analytical, and automatic framework. Despite the initial difficulties, due to the small number of training images available, and the similarity between the different shapes of the drainage samples, we obtained successful results, concluding that deep learning is a valid way for data exploration in geomorphology and related fields

NW Adriatic Sea variability in relation to chlorophyll-<I>a</I> dynamics in the last 20 years (1986?2005)

International audienceThis paper presents a long-term time series (1986?2005) of hydrological and biogeochemical data, both published and unpublished. Data were collected in the north-western area of the Adriatic Sea, at two stations that are considered hydrodynamically and trophically different. The time series have been statistically and graphically investigated on a monthly scale in order to find not only possible chlorophyll-a trends over time, but also links between the concentrations of chlorophyll-a and the variability in the environment, as well as trophic differences between the two areas. Basically, in both cases the statistical test results show no significant trends in either the average chlorophyll-a values or in dispersion of the data, in contrast with significant trends in temperature and salinity. The two areas have similar hydrological features, yet they present significant differences in the amount of nutrient inputs: these are in fact higher at the coastal site, which is characterized by a prevalence of surface blooms, while they are lower at the offshore station, which is mainly affected by intermediate blooms. Nonetheless, throughout the whole water column, chlorophyll-a concentrations are only slightly different. Both areas are affected by riverine discharge, though in the first case considered chlorophyll-a concentrations are also driven strongly by the seasonal cycle. Finally, the results show that the two stations are not trophically different, although some controlling factors, such as zooplankton grazing in one case and light attenuation in the other, may regulate the growth of phytoplankton

NW Adriatic Sea biogeochemical variability in the last 20 years (1986–2005)

International audience; This paper presents a long-term time series (1986?2005) of hydrological and biogeochemical data, both published and unpublished. Data were collected in the north-western area of the Adriatic Sea, at two stations that are considered hydrodynamically and trophically different. The time series have been statistically and graphically analysed on a monthly scale in order to study the annual climatologies, links between the concentrations of chlorophyll-a and the variability in the environment, trophic differences between the two areas and chlorophyll-a trends over time. Basically, the two areas have similar hydrological features, yet they present significant differences in the amount of nutrient inputs: these are in fact higher at the coastal site, which is characterized by a prevalence of surface blooms, while they are lower at the offshore station, which is mainly affected by blooms at intermediate depths. Nonetheless, throughout the whole water column, chlorophyll-a concentrations are only slightly different. Both areas are affected by riverine discharge, though chlorophyll-a concentrations are also driven strongly by the seasonal cycle at the station closer to the coast. Results show that the two stations are not trophically different, although some controlling factors, such as zooplankton grazing in one case and light attenuation in the other, may further regulate the growth of phytoplankton. In both cases no significant trends are detected in either the average chlorophyll-a values or in dispersion of the data, in contrast with significant trends in temperature and salinity

Adolescents and primary herpetic gingivostomatitis: an Italian overview

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the therapies administered to Italian adolescents with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHGS) Methods The medical records of 74 adolescents with PHSG were reviewed. The following data were recorded: age, gender, day of onset, type of treatment, lesions' severity, pain scoring, eating, and drinking ability. The oral examination was performed at the first evaluation (T0) and after one week (T1). Results All patients showed up at the first visit at least 48 h after the onset of symptoms. No patient was prescribed an antiviral therapy. An antibiotic therapy was prescribed in order to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Fifteen patients had been treated with non alcoholic chlorhexidine rinses (group A), 29 patients with non alcoholic chlorhexidine rinses plus hyaluronic acid gel (group B); 30 patients with non alcoholic chlorhexidine rinses plus Mucosyte (R) (group C). A significant improvement of the pain scoring and lesions' severity was noted in group C. Conclusion In Italian adolescents, PHGS is diagnosed at least 48 h after onset and the antibiotic therapy is widely prescribed in order to prevent overinfections. Among topical therapies, an association of verbascoside and sodium hyaluronhate seems to favour a faster healing

Can Embeddings Analysis Explain Large Language Model Ranking?

Understanding the behavior of deep neural networks for Information Retrieval (IR) is crucial to improve trust in these effective models. Current popular approaches to diagnose the predictions made by deep neural networks are mainly based on: i) the adherence of the retrieval model to some axiomatic property of the IR system, ii) the generation of free-text explanations, or iii) feature importance attributions. In this work, we propose a novel approach that analyzes the changes of document and query embeddings in the latent space and that might explain the inner workings of IR large pre-trained language models. In particular, we focus on predicting query/document relevance, and we characterize the predictions by analyzing the topological arrangement of the embeddings in their latent space and their evolution while passing through the layers of the network. We show that there exists a link between the embedding adjustment and the predicted score, based on how tokens cluster in the embedding space. This novel approach, grounded in the query and document tokens interplay over the latent space, provides a new perspective on neural ranker explanation and a promising strategy for improving the efficiency of the models and Query Performance Prediction (QPP)