The Self-Concept and Career Aspirations of Greek Students in Greece, France, Germany and Egypt: An Exploratory Study

This study sought to investigate the self-concept and career aspirations held by eleventh grade Greek children who were living in France, Germany and Egypt; the attitudes of these children were compared with those held by their counterparts living on the mainland of Greece. No statistical significance was found on self-concept scores among students living on the mainland of Greece and those living in France and Egypt; statistical significance was found, however, among students who lived in Greece and France and their counterparts living in Germany. The level of career aspiration was shown to be relatively high among all groups involved in the study. No statistical significance relation was found between the degree of self-concept and choice of a profession. The 'ethnic minority' factor, by itself, had no negative effects on self-concept of our selected groups. The main determinant of a child's self-concept seems to be his/her immediate family environment. © 1990, Sage Publications. All rights reserved

Government spending and revenues in Sweden 1722–2011 : evidence from hidden cointegration

This study examines the long-run causal relationship between government revenues and spending of the Swedish economy over the period 1722–2011. The results based on hidden cointegration technique and a modified version of the Granger non-causality test, show that there exists a long-run and asymmetric relationship between government spending and government revenues. Our estimation results can be summarized into three main empirical findings. First, the government follows a hard budget constraint and soft budget constraint strategies in the case of negative and positive shocks, respectively. Second, negative shocks to the fiscal budget are removed fairly quickly compared to positive shocks. Third, bi-directional causality between revenues and expenditures offers support in favor of the fiscal synchronization hypothesis. The policy implication is that budget deficit’s reduction could be achieved through government spending cut, accompanied by contemporaneous tax controls