451 research outputs found
Creating Weyl nodes and controlling their energy by magnetization rotation
As they do not rely on the presence of any crystal symmetry, Weyl nodes are
robust topological features of an electronic structure that can occur at any
momentum and energy. Acting as sinks and sources of Berry curvature, Weyl nodes
have been predicted to strongly affect the transverse electronic response, like
in the anomalous Hall or Nernst effects. However, to observe large anomalous
effects the Weyl nodes need to be close to or at the Fermi-level, which implies
the band structure must be tuned by an external parameter, e.g. chemical doping
or pressure. Here we show that in a ferromagnetic metal tuning of the Weyl node
energy and momentum can be achieved by rotation of the magnetization. Taking
CoSnS as an example, we use electronic structure calculations based
on density-functional theory to show that not only new Weyl fermions can be
created by canting the magnetization away from the easy axis, but also that the
Weyl nodes can be driven exactly to the Fermi surface. We also show that the
dynamics in energy and momentum of the Weyl nodes strongly affect the
calculated anomalous Hall and Nernst conductivities.Comment: Supp. Material adde
Generally Covariant Conservative Energy-Momentum for Gravitational Anyons
We obtain a generally covariant conservation law of energy-momentum for
gravitational anyons by the general displacement transform. The energy-momentum
currents have also superpotentials and are therefore identically conserved. It
is shown that for Deser's solution and Clement's solution, the energy vanishes.
The reasonableness of the definition of energy-momentum may be confirmed by the
solution for pure Einstein gravity which is a limit of vanishing Chern-Simons
coulping of gravitational anyons.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, no figure
Preparing athletes and teams for the Olympic Games: experiences and lessons learned from the world's best sport psychologists
As part of an increased effort to understand the most effective ways to psychologically prepare athletes and teams for Olympic competition, a number of sport psychology consultants have offered best-practice insights into working in this context. These individual reports have typically comprised anecdotal reflections of working with particular sports or countries; therefore, a more holistic approach is needed so that developing practitioners can have access to - and utilise - a comprehensive evidence-base.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a panel-type article, which offers lessons and advice for the next generation of aspiring practitioners on preparing athletes and teams for the Olympic Games from some of the worldâs most recognised and experienced sport psychologists.
The sample comprised 15 sport psychology practitioners who, collectively, have accumulated over 200 years of first-hand experience preparing athletes and/or teams from a range of nations for six summer and five winter Olympic Games. Interviews with the participants revealed 28 main themes and 5 categories: Olympic stressors, success and failure lessons, top tips for neophyte practitioners, differences within oneâs own consulting work, and multidisciplinary consulting. It is hoped that the findings of this study can help the next generation of sport psychologists better face the realities of Olympic consultancy and plan their own professional development so that, ultimately, their aspirations to be the worldâs best can become a reality
Prevalence and Concordance of oral and Genital Hpv By Sexual orientation among Us Men
The objective of our study was to describe oral and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection prevalence and concordance by sexual orientation among US men using a nationally representative sample. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The survey conducts a physical examination and collects oral rinse and genital swab specimens; demographic and health behaviors are self-reported. We used descriptive statistics and multivariate regression models to estimate HPV infection prevalence and the likelihood of HPV infection, respectively. All analyses were adjusted for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey design and weights, and statistical significance was tested at a 2-sided P value of less thanâ.05. Men who have sex with men had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of oral HPV (high-risk, 9-valent, 4-valent, and HPV 16 and 18), genital HPV (9-valent, 4-valent, and HPV 16 and 18), and concordant oral and genital HPV (high-risk and 9-valent) infections compared with heterosexual men. Improved HPV prevention among men is needed
Superalgebra and Conservative Quantities in N=1 Self-dual Supergravity
The N=1 self-dual supergravity has SL(2,C) and the left-handed and right
-handed local supersymmetries. These symmetries result in SU(2) charges as the
angular-momentum and the supercharges. The model possesses also the invariance
under the general translation transforms and this invariance leads to the
energy-momentum. All the definitions are generally covariant . As the SU(2)
charges and the energy-momentum we obtained previously constituting the
3-Poincare algebra in the Ashtekar's complex gravity, the SU(2) charges, the
supercharges and the energy-momentum here also restore the super-Poincare
algebra, and this serves to support the reasonableness of their
interpretations.Comment: 18 pages, Latex, no figure
Pulmonary Hypertension in Portugal: First Data from a Nationwide Registry
Introduction. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease that must be managed in specialized centers; therefore, the availability of epidemiological national data is critical. Methods. We conducted a prospective, observational, and multicenter registry with a joint collaboration from five centers from Portugal and included adult incident patients with PAH or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Results. Of the 79 patients enrolled in this study, 46 (58.2%) were classified as PAH and 33 patients (41.8%) as CTEPH. PAH patients had a mean age of 43.4 ± 16.4 years. Idiopathic PAH was the most common etiology (37%). At presentation, PAH patients had elevated right atrial pressure (RAP) (7.7 ± 5.9âmmHg) and mean pulmonary vascular resistance (11.4 ± 6.5 Wood units), with a low cardiac index (2.7 ± 1.1âL·minâ1·mâ2); no patient was under selective pulmonary vasodilators; however, at follow-up, most patients were on single (50%), double (28%), or triple (9%) combination vasodilator therapy. One-year survival was 93.5%, similar to CTEPH patients (93.9%), that were older (60.0 ± 12.5 years) and had higher RAP (11.0 ± 5.2âmmHg, ). Conclusions. We describe for the first time nationwide data on the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of PAH and CTEPH patients in Portugal. Clinical presentation and outcomes are comparable with those reported on other national registries.The authors thank Actelion Portugal Lda. for supporting the development of the dedicated software (PAHTool) and data entr
Dirac fermions and flat bands in the ideal kagome metal FeSn.
A kagome lattice of 3d transition metal ions is a versatile platform for correlated topological phases hosting symmetry-protected electronic excitations and magnetic ground states. However, the paradigmatic states of the idealized two-dimensional kagome lattice-Dirac fermions and flat bands-have not been simultaneously observed. Here, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and de Haas-van Alphen quantum oscillations to reveal coexisting surface and bulk Dirac fermions as well as flat bands in the antiferromagnetic kagome metal FeSn, which has spatially decoupled kagome planes. Our band structure calculations and matrix element simulations demonstrate that the bulk Dirac bands arise from in-plane localized Fe-3d orbitals, and evidence that the coexisting Dirac surface state realizes a rare example of fully spin-polarized two-dimensional Dirac fermions due to spin-layer locking in FeSn. The prospect to harness these prototypical excitations in a kagome lattice is a frontier of great promise at the confluence of topology, magnetism and strongly correlated physics
Topological flat bands in frustrated kagome lattice CoSn
Electronic flat bands in momentum space, arising from strong localization of
electrons in real space, are an ideal stage to realize strong correlation
phenomena. In certain lattices with built-in geometrical frustration,
electronic confinement and flat bands can naturally arise from the destructive
interference of electronic hopping pathways. Such lattice-borne flat bands are
often endowed with nontrivial topology if combined with spin-orbit coupling,
while their experimental realization in condensed matter system has been
elusive so far. Here, we report the direct observation of topological flat
bands in the vicinity of the Fermi level in frustrated kagome system CoSn,
using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and band structure
calculations. The flat band manifests itself as a dispersionless electronic
excitation along the G-M high symmetry direction, with an order of magnitude
lower bandwidth (below 150 meV) compared to the Dirac bands originating from
the same orbitals. The frustration-driven nature of the flat band is directly
confirmed by the real-space chiral d-orbital texture of the corresponding
effective Wannier wave functions. Spin-orbit coupling opens a large gap of 80
meV at the quadratic band touching point between the Dirac and flat bands,
endowing a nonzero Z2 topological invariant to the flat band in the
two-dimensional Brillouin zone. Our observation of lattice-driven topological
flat band opens a promising route to engineer novel emergent phases of matter
at the crossroad between strong correlation physics and electronic topology.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
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Creating Weyl nodes and controlling their energy by magnetization rotation
As they do not rely on the presence of any crystal symmetry, Weyl nodes are robust topological features of an electronic structure that can occur at any momentum and energy. Acting as sinks and sources of Berry curvature, Weyl nodes have been predicted to strongly affect the transverse electronic response, like in the anomalous Hall or Nernst effects. However, to observe large anomalous effects the Weyl nodes need to be close to or at the Fermi level, which implies the band structure must be tuned by an external parameter, e.g., chemical doping. Here we show that in a ferromagnetic metal tuning of the Weyl node energy and momentum can be achieved by rotation of the magnetization. First, taking as example the elementary magnet hcp-Co, we use electronic structure calculations based on density-functional theory to show that by canting the magnetization away from the easy axis, Weyl nodes can be driven exactly to the Fermi surface. Second, we show that the same phenomenology applies to the kagome ferromagnet Co3Sn2S2, in which we additionally show how the dynamics in energy and momentum of the Weyl nodes affects the calculated anomalous Hall and Nernst conductivities. Our results highlight how the intrinsic magnetic anisotropy can be used to engineer Weyl physics
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