Early Warning Signs of Suicide in Service Members Who Engage in Unauthorized Acts of Violence

Despite the importance of both suicide and violence prevention in the military, little is known about how these behaviors relate to one another. The current research sought to elucidate the relationship between early warning signs for suicide and violence in a military population. This study included a review of 200 military law enforcement records maintained by the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) and identification of early warning signs that may be observable to military law enforcement personnel. Statistical analyses tested for differences in warning signs between cases of suicide, violence, or both suicide and violence. The suicide-only and suicide/violence groups were more likely than the violence-only group to show early warning signs for: (1) psychological issues of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, a mental health diagnosis, and participation in treatment, (2) physical changes and impulsive behaviors, particularly substance abuse, (3) social warning signs, specifically social withdrawal, and (4) occupational issues, including diminished performance and interest at work. By contrast, the suicide/violence group was more likely than the other groups to show early warning signs of anger and aggression. Our findings suggest that Service members at risk for both suicide and violence are similar to those exclusively at risk for suicide, and they each differ from those solely at risk for violence. Our findings also suggest that the emotional trajectory that those who are both suicidal and violent follow is more aggressive, hostile, and angry than those who are either strictly suicidal or violent. The findings from this effort may enhance the ability of law enforcement and command personnel to prevent further acts of suicide and violence among military personnel. Recommendations for policy and future research are discussed

Early Warning Signs of Suicide in Service Members Who Engage in Unauthorized Acts of Violence

Despite the importance of both suicide and violence prevention in the military, little is known about how these behaviors relate to one another. The current research sought to elucidate the relationship between early warning signs for suicide and violence in a military population. This study included a review of 200 military law enforcement records maintained by the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) and identification of early warning signs that may be observable to military law enforcement personnel. Statistical analyses tested for differences in warning signs between cases of suicide, violence, or both suicide and violence. The suicide-only and suicide/violence groups were more likely than the violence-only group to show early warning signs for: (1) psychological issues of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, a mental health diagnosis, and participation in treatment, (2) physical changes and impulsive behaviors, particularly substance abuse, (3) social warning signs, specifically social withdrawal, and (4) occupational issues, including diminished performance and interest at work. By contrast, the suicide/violence group was more likely than the other groups to show early warning signs of anger and aggression. Our findings suggest that Service members at risk for both suicide and violence are similar to those exclusively at risk for suicide, and they each differ from those solely at risk for violence. Our findings also suggest that the emotional trajectory that those who are both suicidal and violent follow is more aggressive, hostile, and angry than those who are either strictly suicidal or violent. The findings from this effort may enhance the ability of law enforcement and command personnel to prevent further acts of suicide and violence among military personnel. Recommendations for policy and future research are discussed

Dilepton production in proton-proton collisions at BEVALAC energies

The dilepton production in elementary ${pp\to e^{+}e^{-}X}$ reactions at BEVALAC energies $T_{lab}=1\div 5$ GeV is investigated. The calculations include direct ${e^{+}e^{-}}$ decays of the vector mesons $\rho ^{0}$, $\omega$, and $\phi$, Dalitz decays of the $\pi ^{0}$-, $\eta$-, $$-, $\omega$-, and $\phi$-mesons, and of the baryon resonances $$ $...$ . The subthreshold vector meson production cross sections in $pp$ collisions are treated in a way sufficient to avoid double counting with the inclusive vector meson production. The vector meson dominance model for the transition form factors of the resonance Dalitz decays $R\to e^{+}e^{-}N$ is used in an extended form to ensure correct asymptotics which are in agreement with the quark counting rules. Such a modification gives an unified and consistent description of both $R\to N\gamma$ radiative decays and $R\to N\rho (\omega)$ meson decays. The effect of multiple pion production on the experimental efficiency for the detection of the dilepton pairs is studied. We find the dilepton yield in reasonable agreement with the experimental data for the set of intermediate energies whereas at the highest energy $T_{lab}=4.88$ GeV the number of dilepton pairs is likely to be overestimated experimentally in the mass range $M=300\div 700$ MeV.Comment: 25 pages (IOP style), 5 figures, revised manuscript accepted for publication in JP

Spin-Flip Noise in a Multi-Terminal Spin-Valve

We study shot noise and cross correlations in a four terminal spin-valve geometry using a Boltzmann-Langevin approach. The Fano factor (shot noise to current ratio) depends on the magnetic configuration of the leads and the spin-flip processes in the normal metal. In a four-terminal geometry, spin-flip processes are particular prominent in the cross correlations between terminals with opposite magnetization.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Microparticles from tumors exposed to radiation promote immune evasion in part by PD-L1

Radiotherapy induces immune-related responses in cancer patients by various mechanisms. Here, we investigate the immunomodulatory role of tumor-derived microparticles (TMPs)-extracellular vesicles shed from tumor cells-following radiotherapy. We demonstrate that breast carcinoma cells exposed to radiation shed TMPs containing elevated levels of immune-modulating proteins, one of which is programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). These TMPs inhibit cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity both in vitro and in vivo, and thus promote tumor growth. Evidently, adoptive transfer of CTLs pre-cultured with TMPs from irradiated breast carcinoma cells increases tumor growth rates in mice recipients in comparison with control mice receiving CTLs pre-cultured with TMPs from untreated tumor cells. In addition, blocking the PD-1-PD-L1 axis, either genetically or pharmacologically, partially alleviates TMP-mediated inhibition of CTL activity, suggesting that the immunomodulatory effects of TMPs in response to radiotherapy is mediated, in part, by PD-L1. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the tumor immune surveillance state in response to radiotherapy and suggest a therapeutic synergy between radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors

Orientational ordering of commensurate Fe(CO)5 monolayers on graphite

URL:http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.27.5864 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.27.5864Elastic neutron diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy have been used to study the structure, orientational-disordering (OD) transition, and melting of an Fe(CO)5 submonolayer adsorbed on Grafoil. The OD transition occurs between 150 and 167 K from a two-sublattice (√7×√21) structure to a nearly (√7×√7) phase in which the molecules are believed to rotate about the surface normal. Mössbauer spectra exhibit a more abrupt variation with temperature near melting at 170 K than through the OD transition.This work was supported by NSF under Grants No. DMR-7905958 and No. INT-8012228, Israel-U.S. Binational Science Foundation Grant No. 2687, and the Danish Research Counci

Automatic trinocular 3D reconstruction of coronary artery centerlines from rotational X-ray angiography

International audienceWe present a method for fully automatic 3D reconstruction of coronary artery centerlines using three X-ray angiogram projections from a single rotating monoplane acquisition. The reconstruction method consists of three steps: (1) filtering and segmenting the images using a multiscale analysis, (2) matching points in two of the segmented images using the information from the third image, and (3) reconstructing in 3D the matched points. This method needs good calibration of the system geometry and requires breatheld acquisitions. The final algorithm is formulated as an energy minimization problem that we solve using dynamic programming optimization. This method provides a fast and automatic way to compute 3D models of vessels centerlines. It has been applied to both phantoms, for validation purposes, and patient data sets