A New Framework to Evaluate Passenger Interactions at Platform Train Interfaces

Platform train interfaces (PTIs) are spaces with high interactions between passengers boarding and alighting. A simple framework is proposed to help designers and planners to identify and benchmark the degree of interaction when crowd management measures are used such as platform edge doors (PEDs). Firstly, a conceptual model is created to represent the interaction problems, followed by the definition of variables. Then, the degree of interaction is defined based on the density and perception of risk. Finally, the results are presented in a matrix that groups the variables according to the area where the interaction happens, and to the type of users that are affected. As a case study, the framework is applied in this paper to two existing stations (with and without PEDs). The results show that the new framework is able to describe well the phenomena of high interactions and can be used to evaluate suitable crowd management measures in railway infrastructure and to communicate interaction problems in a simple and effective way

Boarding and alighting matrix on behaviour and interaction at the platform train interface

The platform train interface (PTI) is a space with high interactions between passengers boarding and alighting. The increasing need for faster and safer boarding/alighting led the Rail Safety Standards Board to publish the Platform Train Interface Strategy (2015). Because of the complex and multi-dimensional nature of these interactions, a simple framework is required to help designers and planners identify and benchmark the degree of interaction. This paper aims to create such a framework. This new framework consists of four steps. Firstly, a model is created to represent the interaction problems at the PTI. This model discretises the PTI into a square grid and divides the platform into concentric layers around the doors. Secondly, the model variables are identified and classified into physical, spatial and operational. Thirdly, the degree of interaction between passengers is defined as high, medium or low based on the density and perception of risk, and each of the variables is assigned one degree of interaction. Finally, the results are presented in a matrix that groups the variables according to the area where the interaction happens (vehicle, PTI, or platform) and to the type of users that are affected by this interaction (boarders only, alighters only, or both). As case study, this paper applies the framework to two existing stations. The results show that the new framework is able to describe well the phenomena of high interactions. In the case study, the presence of door position indications on the platform, the density, the location of passengers and the formation of lanes were the most relevant variables in the matrix. This paper further shows how this framework can be used to suggest or evaluate suitable crowd management measures in railway infrastructure and to summarise and communicate interaction problems in a simple and effective way

Implementasi Supervisi Klinis Oleh Pengawas Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru Tk Berbasis Permendiknas No. 58 Tahun 2009 Pada Gugus III Kecamatan Buleleng

Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan para guru TK se Gugus III Kecamatan Buleleng dalam menyusun RKM, RKH, melaksanakan proses pembelajaran, dan melaksanakan penilaian yang sesuai dengan Permendiknas No. 58 Tahun 2009 melalui supervisi klinis oleh pengawas. Penelitian dilaksanakan dua siklus dengan subjek sebanyak 27 orang guru. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi berdasarkan Permendiknas No. 58 Tahun 2009. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini adalah 75% dalam kategori baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan dalam menyusun RKM, RKH, melaksanakan proses pembelajaran, dan melaksanakan penilaian yang sesuai dengan Permendiknas No. 58 Tahun 2009. Hal ini terlihat dari tingkat kemampuan guru dalam merencanakan pembelajaran yang meliputi menyusun RKM dan RKH pada siklus I sebesar 75,06% yang tergolong baik, meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 93,25% yang tergolong sangat baik. Tingkat kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran pada siklus I sebesar 73,57% yang tergolong baik, meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 90,86% yang tergolong sangat baik. Tingkat kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan penilaian pada siklus I sebesar 74,76% yang tergolong baik, meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 94,13% yang tergolong sangat baik.Kata Kunci : supervisi klinis, kinerja guru, permendiknas no. 58 This classroom action research aims at improving kindergarten teachers\u27 performance in Cluster III of Buleleng Subdistric in making RKM, RKH, implementing teaching-learning process, and doing assessment which are in line with Permendiknas No. 58 Tahun 2009 through clinical supervision. It was done in two cycles with the subject of 27 teachers. The data were collected through observation based on Permendiknas No. 58 Tahun 2009. The data were analyzed descriptively. The expected criteria of this research were 75% or categorized as good. The result of the research shows that there is an improvement in making RKM, RKH, implementing teaching-learning process, and doing assessment which are in line with Permendiknas No. 58 Tahun 2009. It can be seen on the teachers\u27 performance in making RKM and RKH in cycle I which is 75,06% and can be categorized as good improves to 93,25% in cycle II which can be categorized as very good. Teachers\u27 performance in implementing teaching-learning process in cycle I which is 73,57% and can be categorized as good improves to 90,86 in cycle II which can be categorized as very good. Teachers\u27 performance in doing assessment in cycle I which is 74,76% and can be categorized as good improves to 94,13% in cycle II which can be categorized as very good

Combined Effect of Platform Edge Doors and Level Access on Boarding and Alighting Process in London Underground

Platform edge doors (PEDs) are used in metro stations to improve passenger safety and comfort, while step-free access with a minimum gap between the train and the platform is desirable on the grounds of accessibility. There is little research on the effect of PEDs on boarding and alighting time (BAT) and passenger behavior patterns. Many authors, however, have examined the impact of vertical and horizontal gaps in passengers’ boarding and alighting. On the London Underground, there is always step-free access between the train and the platform when there are PEDs; but even at some platforms without PEDs, level access may be provided by platform humps. This study examined the combined effect of PEDs and level access on the boarding and alighting process. Two London Underground platforms, both with level access, one with PEDs and one without PEDs, were compared by analyzing bespoke video footage. The results showed that PEDs on their own had no overall negative impact on BAT and that, in most situations, they encouraged passengers to wait beside the doors. It was also found that demand (number of boarders, alighters, and passengers on the train) was a more important influence on BAT and passenger behaviors than was the presence of PEDs

Cytogenotoxicity biomarkers in fat snook Centropomus parallelus from Cananéia and São Vicente estuaries, SP, Brazil

The aquatic environment receives many contaminants that can induce damages at the molecular, biochemical, cellular and physiological levels. Centropomus parallelus, an important food resource for local populations, is a predator fish that feeds on small fishes and benthic invertebrates, thus being vulnerable to the bioconcentration and biomagnification processes. This study aimed to evaluate cytogenotoxic responses in erythrocytes from C. parallelus juveniles collected in the Cananéia and São Vicente estuaries, both in winter and in summer. After anesthesia, blood samples were collected by caudal puncture. Blood smears were prepared on glass slides and stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa dye. Two thousand cells were analyzed per slide (1000x), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) and micronuclei (MN) were scored. The São Vicente sample showed MN and NA frequencies (%/1000 cells) of 0.325 and 3.575, in winter, and of 0.125 and 2.935 in summer respectively; the Cananéia sample showed frequencies of 0.0325 and 0.03, in winter, and of 0.065 and 0.355 in summer, respectively. The rates found in São Vicente were significantly higher than those found in Cananéia, evidencing that the levels of pollution in that estuary were high enough to induce genetic damages

In-orbit offline estimation of the residual magnetic dipole biases of the POPSAT-HIP1 nanosatellite

The nanosatellite POPSAT-HIP1 is a Cubesat-class spacecraft launched on the 19th of June 2014 to test cold-gas based micro-thrusters; it is, as of April 2015, in a low Earth orbit at around 600 km of altitude and is equipped, notably, with a magnetometer. In order to increment the performance of the attitude control of nanosatellites like POPSAT, it is extremely useful to determine the main biases that act on the magnetometer while in orbit, for example those generated by the residual magnetic moment of the satellite itself and those originating from the transmitter. Thus, we present a methodology to perform an in-orbit offline estimation of the magnetometer bias caused by the residual magnetic moment of the satellite (we refer to this as the residual magnetic dipole bias, or RMDB). The method is based on a genetic algorithm coupled with a simplex algorithm, and provides the bias RMDB vector as output, requiring solely the magnetometer readings. This is exploited to compute the transmitter magnetic dipole bias (TMDB), by comparing the computed RMDB with the transmitter operating and idling. An experimental investigation is carried out by acquiring the magnetometer outputs in different phases of the spacecraft life (stabilized, maneuvering, free tumble). Results show remarkable accuracy with an RMDB orientation error between 3.6\ub0and 6.2\ub0, and a module error around 7%. TMDB values show similar coherence values. Finally, we note some drawbacks of the methodologies, as well as some possible improvements, e.g. precise transmitter operations logging. In general, however, the methodology proves to be quite effective even with sparse and noisy data, and promises to be incisive in the improvement of attitude control systems