La catena del valore nella filiera vitivinicola

Il comparto vitivinicolo italiano \ue8 una realt\ue0 complessa e, sebbene se ne intuiscano i suoi caratteri essenziali, poco conosciuta nel dettaglio. Alcuni filoni di studio gi\ue0 da tempo indagano la numerosit\ue0, il ruolo specifico e le forme di relazione verticale tra gli operatori posti a livelli diversi del processo produttivo (Malorgio e Grazia, 2009) e le diverse forme di relazione di rete tra soggetti (Zanni, 2004; Cafaggi e Iamiceli, 2010), ma nell'insieme si \ue8 ancora lontani da un soddisfacente livello di conoscenza. Tutto questo, peraltro, costituisce un ostacolo allo sviluppo di efficaci politiche di sostegno e sviluppo. L'obiettivo di questo contributo non \ue8 pertanto la ricostruzione della catena del valore nel comparto vitivinicolo italiano, poich\ue9 sarebbe necessario definirne una molteplicit\ue0, ma la discussione di alcuni dati utili ad una analisi preliminare delle loro possibili configurazion

Phosphorus-doped silicon quantum dots for all-silicon quantum dot tandem solar cells

International audienceno abstrac

Perspectives and challenges of small scale plant microalgae cultivation. Evidences from Southern Italy

In recent years, the cultivation of algae has achieved attention of scientists and practicioniers due to the great variety of products that can be obtained, among which biofuels. The aim of this work is twofold. The first is to perform a profitability analysis of food and biofuel production from microalgae, in a small-scale setting. The second is to assess the economic impact of algae production systems on the dairy farms potentially interested in Southern Italy. The analysis was performed using financial and economic indicators and considering two system management scenarios, namely single and collective. Our results confirm that current microalgae production technology favors biofuel only as a co-product and that the production of high-value co-products improve profitability and net income in Southern Italian dairy farms, either in single or collective management. More specifically, the single management is more profitable, but the collective is more viable. The sensitivity analysis, based on the price uncertainty of algal biomass, confirms that the price of product is a critical parameter to ensure the investment feasibility in the agricultural context analyzed. Current study provides hints to entrepreneurs and managers operating in the agricultural sectors, interested in improving their firm's performance through the adoption of a diversification strategy of business activities

Effects of phosphorus doping on structural and optical properties of silicon nanocrystals in a SiO2 matrix

International audienceno abstrac

JAMA Netw Open

Importance: Mental health problems are common during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Although perceived social support and mental health problems have been shown to be concurrently associated, longitudinal studies are lacking to document the directionality of this association, especially in emerging adulthood (late teens to late 20s). Objective: To test whether social support in emerging adulthood protects against later depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts after adjusting for a range of confounders, including prior mental health problems and family characteristics. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study included 1174 participants from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Participants underwent yearly or biennial assessment (starting from age 5 months to age 20 years). Data were collected from March 16, 1998, through June 1, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Self-reported perceived social support was measured at age 19 years using the 10-item Social Provision Scale. Mental health problems, including depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as suicidal ideation and attempts, were measured at age 20 years. Social support and mental health problem raw scores were converted to z-scores to ease interpretation. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were categorized using validated cutoffs to determine clinical significance. Results: The study consisted of 1174 participants (574 female [48.89%] and 600 male [51.11%] individuals). Emerging adults with higher levels of perceived social support at age 19 years reported fewer mental health problems 1 year later, even after adjusting for a range of mental health problems in adolescence at ages 15 and 17 years (eg, depressive and anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation and attempts) and family characteristics (eg, socioeconomic status and family functioning and structure). Higher perceived social support was associated with fewer symptoms of depression (β = -0.23; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.18; P = <.001 and odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42-0.66 for severe depression) and anxiety (β = -0.10; 95% CI, -0.15 to -0.04; P < .001 and OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62-0.98 for severe anxiety). Higher perceived social support was associated with a lower risk for suicide-related outcomes (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.50-0.70] for suicidal ideation and OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.46-0.79] for suicide attempts). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, emerging adults who perceived higher levels of social support reported experiencing fewer mental health problems 1 year later. These findings suggest that perceived social support may protect against mental health problems during the transition into adulthood, even in those who experience mental health problems in adolescence. Leveraging social support in prevention and treatment options may protect against mental health symptoms during this transition period

Pediatrics

BACKGROUND: Obtaining recent estimates of the prevalence of suicide-related outcomes across adolescence and its associated mental health problems (MHPs) is important for clinical practice. We estimated the prevalence of suicide-related outcomes at ages 13, 15, 17, and 20 years (2011–2018) in a contemporary population-based cohort and documented associations with MHPs throughout adolescence. METHODS: Data came from 1618 participants in the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Internalizing (depression and anxiety) and externalizing (oppositional/defiance, conduct issues, and attention deficit and/or hyperactivity) MHPs were assessed with validated questionnaires. Outcomes were self-reported past-year passive and serious suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of passive suicidal ideation (13–17 years old), serious suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt (13–20 years old) were 22.2%, 9.8%, and 6.7%, respectively. Prevalence was twice as high for females as for males. Overall, rates of passive (15–17 years old; 11.8%–18.4%) and serious ideation (13–20 years old; 3.3%–9.5%) increased over time but were stable for attempt (13–20 years old; 3.5%–3.8%). In univariable analyses, all MHPs were associated with suicide-related outcomes at all ages (risk rate ratio range: 2.57–3.10 [passive ideation] and 2.10–4.36 [suicide attempt]), and associations were similar for male and female participants (sex interaction P > .05). Magnitude of associations were generally stronger for more severe suicide-related outcomes (passive ideation < serious ideation < attempt). In multivariable analyses, internalizing problems were associated with suicidal ideation, whereas both depressive and conduct symptoms were associated with attempt. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation and attempt were common, especially for females and youth presenting with depressive and conduct problem symptoms. Clinicians should systematically assess suicidal risk in teenagers, especially in those presenting with MHPs