Sample preparation procedure for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum vacuum residue and bitumen

This paper describes a novel method of sample preparation for the determination of trace concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in high-boiling petroleum products. Limits of quantitation of the investigated PAHs in materials of this type range from tens of nanograms per kilogram to <20 μg/kg. The studies revealed that in order to separate most of interferences from the analytes without a significant loss of PAHs, it is necessary to use size exclusion chromatography as the first step of sample preparation, followed by adsorption using normal-phase liquid chromatography. The use of orthogonal separation procedure described in the paper allows the isolation of only a group of unsubstituted and substituted aromatic hydrocarbons with a specific range of molar mass. The lower the required limit of quantitation of PAHs, the larger is the scale of preparative liquid chromatography in both steps of sample preparation needed. The use of internal standard allows quantitative results to be corrected for the degree of recovery of PAHs during the sample preparation step. Final determination can be carried out using HPLC-FLD, GC-MS, or HPLC-UV–VIS/DAD. The last technique provides a degree of identification through the acquired UV–VIS spectra

Distinguishing Type 2 Diabetes from Type 1 Diabetes in African American and Hispanic American Pediatric Patients

To test the hypothesis that clinical observations made at patient presentation can distinguish type 2 diabetes (T2D) from type 1 diabetes (T1D) in pediatric patients aged 2 to 18.Medical records of 227 African American and 112 Hispanic American pediatric patients diagnosed as T1D or T2D were examined to compare parameters in the two diseases. Age at presentation, BMI z-score, and gender were the variables used in logistic regression analysis to create models for T2D prediction.The regression-based model created from African American data had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 89%; testing of a replication cohort showed 91% sensitivity and 93% specificity. A model based on the Hispanic American data showed 92% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Similarities between African American and Hispanic American patients include: (1) age at onset for both T1D and T2D decreased from the 1980s to the 2000s; (2) risk of T2D increased markedly with obesity. Racial/ethnic-specific observations included: (1) in African American patients, the proportion of females was significantly higher than that of males for T2D compared to T1D (p<0.0001); (2) in Hispanic Americans, the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly higher in T1D than in T2D (p<0.002) at presentation; (3) the strongest contributor to T2D risk was female gender in African Americans, while the strongest contributor to T2D risk was BMI z-score in Hispanic Americans.Distinction of T2D from T1D at patient presentation was possible with good sensitivity and specificity using only three easily-assessed variables: age, gender, and BMI z-score. In African American pediatric diabetes patients, gender was the strongest predictor of T2D, while in Hispanic patients, BMI z-score was the strongest predictor. This suggests that race/ethnic specific models may be useful to optimize distinction of T1D from T2D at presentation

A Study on Service Quality of a Health Care Organization

The perception which the Healthcare sector has about his functioning is completely different from the other sectors. The view of the quality of services provided by healthcare is concerned about the patient satisfaction about the service provided to them rather than then assessing the kind of service provided to the patient. The end –users view on quality deals with accepted impact when they choose on Medical practitioners. The clients are more interested in knowing the capability of medical practitioners to provide remedy for their illness in an affordable cost. The patients wish to select the hospital has prominent effect on the views on Quality. Patients complete gratification and faithfulness about private healthcare provider plays a significant role in understanding the quality of the service. Additionally, client’s inability to measure the clinical standards where each hospital possesses different professional conditions and services like medical specialist knowledge, General physician potential to find out the disease. The Quality of the serviceable aspects are easily judged by the clients when compared to the professional aspects as claimed by experimental studies. Quality is seen and defined as assessment technique in which there is a comparison between his/her requirements and his/her views on service provided by customer. There is numerous advantages in evaluating Quality in Medical sector. It creates awareness among the customer to take prior decision in choosing healthcare provider and medical practitioner. Evaluating the quality also useful for Hospitals.</p

A Study on Service Quality of a Health Care Organization

The perception which the Healthcare sector has about his functioning is completely different from the other sectors. The view of the quality of services provided by healthcare is concerned about the patient satisfaction about the service provided to them rather than then assessing the kind of service provided to the patient. The end –users view on quality deals with accepted impact when they choose on Medical practitioners. The clients are more interested in knowing the capability of medical practitioners to provide remedy for their illness in an affordable cost. The patients wish to select the hospital has prominent effect on the views on Quality. Patients complete gratification and faithfulness about private healthcare provider plays a significant role in understanding the quality of the service. Additionally, client’s inability to measure the clinical standards where each hospital possesses different professional conditions and services like medical specialist knowledge, General physician potential to find out the disease. The Quality of the serviceable aspects are easily judged by the clients when compared to the professional aspects as claimed by experimental studies. Quality is seen and defined as assessment technique in which there is a comparison between his/her requirements and his/her views on service provided by customer. There is numerous advantages in evaluating Quality in Medical sector. It creates awareness among the customer to take prior decision in choosing healthcare provider and medical practitioner. Evaluating the quality also useful for Hospitals

Synthesis, growth, structural, thermal, third order nonlinear and computational studies of organic single crystal: 2-Amino-4-picolinium 2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoate

Novel organic third-order nonlinear optical material, 2-Amino-4-picolinium-2-chloro-4-nitrobenzoate (2A4P2C4N) was synthesized and grown into single crystal by slow solvent evaporation method at room temperature. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the title compound crystallizes in monoclinic crystal system with a centrosymmetric space group of P2(1)/n. From UV-Visible spectrum, the optical transparency and band gap were determined. Thermal stability of the title material was established by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) analyses. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility was determined experimentally and it was found to be 2.56 x 10(-8) esu. The quantum chemical calculations were performed to analyze Hirshfeld surface, electrostatic potential, HOMO-LUMO and global quantum chemical reactivity descriptors of the titled molecule at B3LYP/6-311 + + G (d,p) level of theory. A comparative analysis computationally calculated showed that the < gamma > amplitude for 2A4P2C4N molecule was found to be three 3 times greater than that of compared para-Nitroaniline (p-NA)