10,809 research outputs found
Effects of XUV radiation on circumbinary planets
Several circumbinary planets have recently been discovered. The orbit of a
planet around a binary stellar system poses several dynamic constraints. The
effects that radiation from the host stars may have on the planet atmospheres
must be considered. Because of the configuration of a close binary system,
these stars have a high rotation rate, which causes a permanent state of high
stellar activity and copious XUV radiation. The accumulated effects are
stronger than for exoplanets around single stars, and cause a faster
evaporation of their atmospheres. We evaluate the effects that stellar
radiation has on the evaporation of exoplanets around binary systems and on the
survival of these planets. We considered the XUV spectral range to account for
the photons that are easily absorbed by a planet atmosphere that is mainly
composed of hydrogen. A more complex atmospheric composition is expected to
absorb this radiation more efficiently. We used direct X-ray observations to
evaluate the energy in the X-rays range and coronal models to calculate the
(nondetectable) EUV part of the spectrum. The simulations show that exoplanets
in a close orbit will suffer strong photoevaporation that may cause a total
loss of atmosphere in a short time. A binary system of two solar-like stars
will be highly efficient in evaporating the atmosphere of the planet. These
systems will be difficult to find, even if they are dynamically stable. Still,
planets may orbit around binary systems of low mass stars for wider orbits.
Currently known circumbinary planets are not substantially affected by thermal
photoevaporation processes, unless Kepler-47 b has an inflated atmosphere. The
distribution of the orbital periods of circumbinary planets is shifted to much
longer periods than the average of Kepler planets, which supports a scenario of
strong photoevaporation in close-in circumbinary planets.Comment: Accepted by A&A. 8 pages, 5 figure
Challenges in Open-air Microwave Quantum Communication and Sensing
Quantum communication is a holy grail to achieve secure communication among a
set of partners, since it is provably unbreakable by physical laws. Quantum
sensing employs quantum entanglement as an extra resource to determine
parameters by either using less resources or attaining a precision unachievable
in classical protocols. A paradigmatic example is the quantum radar, which
allows one to detect an object without being detected oneself, by making use of
the additional asset provided by quantum entanglement to reduce the intensity
of the signal. In the optical regime, impressive technological advances have
been reached in the last years, such as the first quantum communication between
ground and satellites, as well as the first proof-of-principle experiments in
quantum sensing. The development of microwave quantum technologies turned out,
nonetheless, to be more challenging. Here, we will discuss the challenges
regarding the use of microwaves for quantum communication and sensing. Based on
this analysis, we propose a roadmap to achieve real-life applications in these
fields.Comment: Long version of the article published in the Proceeding
Against Animats
Animats are artificial animals, a contraction of anima-materials. The term includes physical robots and virtual simulations. Animat research, a subset of Artificial Life studies, has become rather popular since Rodney Brooks' seminal paper "Intelligence without representation". The word was coined by S.W. Wilson in 1991, in the first proceedings of the Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour, which was also called From Animals to Animats
Premelting-Induced Smoothening of the Ice-Vapor Interface
We perform computer simulations of the quasiliquid layer of ice formed at the
ice-vapor interface close to the ice Ih-liquid-vapor triple point of water. Our
study shows that the two distinct surfaces bounding the film behave at small
wavelengths as atomically rough and independent ice-water and water-vapor
interfaces. For long wavelengths, however, the two surfaces couple, large scale
parallel fluctuations are inhibited, and the ice-vapor interface becomes
smooth. Our results could help explain the complex morphology of ice
crystallites.Comment: postprint plus supplemental material with details on simulation and
theor
Time resolved pattern evolution in a large aperture laser
We have measured quasi-instantaneous transverse patterns in a broad aperture
laser. Non-ordered patterns yielding to boundary determined regular structures
in progressive time-integrated recording are observed. The linear analysis and
numerical integration of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations allow us to interpret
the features of the experiment. We show that this system being far from
threshold cannot be fully understood with a perturbative model.Comment: 7 pages, 5 GIF figures . To be published in Phys. Rev. Let
Dynamical Casimir effect entangles artificial atoms
We show that the physics underlying the dynamical Casimir effect may generate
multipartite quantum correlations. To achieve it, we propose a circuit quantum
electrodynamics (cQED) scenario involving superconducting quantum interference
devices (SQUIDs), cavities, and superconducting qubits, also called artificial
atoms. Our results predict the generation of highly entangled states for two
and three superconducting qubits in different geometric configurations with
realistic parameters. This proposal paves the way for a scalable method of
multipartite entanglement generation in cavity networks through dynamical
Casimir physics.Comment: Improved version and references added. Accepted for publication in
Physical Review Letter
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