Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Based Catalyst for Catalysis Applications

In this research, chitosan-based catalyst synthesis and characterization was investigated for different application in catalysis as chitosan-based catalyst was combined with metal oxides in order to be used in dye removal of methyl orange (MO). Diluted acetic acid was used to dissolve chitosan then different percentages for metallic ions were mixed with diluted chitosan and then, 500 µL were added to the sample to reduce the metal salts then, microwave was used to heat the mixture for 5 minutes and then dried at 80-100 °C. Finally, X- ray diffraction was used to confirm the catalyst prepared. The aim of this research is to investigate and explore the feasibility of chitosan/metallic ions composite for removing MO from aqueous solutions. The influence of several operating parameters for adsorption of MO, such as contact time, temperature and ph

AMPA receptors and seizures mediate hippocampal radial glia-like stem cell proliferation.

Neurogenesis is sustained throughout life in the mammalian brain, supporting hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Its permanent alteration by status epilepticus (SE) is associated with learning and cognitive impairments. The mechanisms underlying the initiation of altered neurogenesis after SE are not understood. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive radial glia (RG)-like cells proliferate early after SE, but their proliferation dynamics and signaling are largely unclear. We have previously reported a polarized distribution of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) on RG-like cells in vivo and postulated that these may signal their proliferation. Here, we examined the acute effects of kainate on hippocampal precursor cells in vitro and in kainate-induced SE on proliferating and quiescent clones of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine prelabeled hippocampal precursors in vivo. In vitro, we found that 5 μM kainate shortened the cell cycle time of RG-like cells via AMPAR activation and accelerated cell cycle re-entry of their progeny. It also shifted their fate choice expanding the population of RG-like cells and reducing the population of downstream amplifying neural progenitors. Kainate enhanced the survival of all precursor cell subtypes. Pharmacologically, kainate's proliferative and survival effects were abolished by AMPAR blockade. Functional AMPAR expression was confirmed on RG-like cells in vitro. In agreement with these observations, kainate/seizures enhanced the proliferation and expansion predominantly of constitutively cycling RG-like cell clones in vivo. Our results identify AMPARs as key potential players in initiating the proliferation of dentate RG-like cells and unravel a possible receptor target for modifying the radial glia-like cell response to SE

Triangular Textures for Quark Mass Matrices

The hierarchical quark masses and small mixing angles are shown to lead to a simple triangular form for the U- and D-type quark mass matrices. In the basis where one of the matrices is diagonal, each matrix element of the other is, to a good approximation, the product of a quark mass and a CKM matrix element. The physical content of a general mass matrix can be easily deciphered in its triangular form. This parameterization could serve as a useful starting point for model building. Examples of mass textures are analyzed using this method.Comment: 10 pages, no figure

MAST CELLS AS BIOMARKERS OF INFLAMM-AGEING

Most mechanisms of ageing are believed to be more or less associated with inflammation. With age, a unique form of chronic inflammation develops which is termed as “inflamm-ageing”. The mechanisms of this process are still not fully clear due to the lack of reliable assessment criteria. Immune system is among those involved in accelerating age-related changes in the body. It also directly participates in the process of inflammation. In its pathogenesis, the reaction of mast cells may be of great importance. The role of mast cells in tissue remodeling deserves special attention, since the latter event is among the main features associated with ageing. Hence, the “inflamm-ageing” is considered a sufficient indicator of ageing, and the mast cells could provide biomarkers of this process. In order to test the proposed hypothesis, the present study was conducted to determine age-related morpho-functional changes in mast cell populations in various organs in rats. Some morpho-functional parameters of mast cells (number, synthetic and functional activity, degree of maturation) in different animal organs were evaluated in male Wistar rats of different ages (4 months and 2 years). We have found the age-dependent changes upon examination of thymus, adrenal glands, and skin, i.e., a decrease in the number of mast cells and their synthetic capacity, along with significantly increased functional activity. In the stomach, small and large intestines, at the constant number of mast cells, we revealed a decrease in their synthetic ability, and increased functional activity. These changes were accompanied by enlargement of blood vessels in the studied organs. Liver is the only organ which did not exhibit any changes in mast cell populations with age. The detected changes in mast cell populations may play an important role in formation of “inflamm-ageing” events, which accompany the ageing processes, because these cells are an integral component of inflammatory response. The progression of “inflamm-ageing” leads to accumulation of cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators in tissues, which, in turn, activate the mast cells. At the same time, increased degranulation of mastocytes may promote the process of “inflamm-ageing”. The oberved mutual influence of mast cells and “inflamm-ageing” makes it possible to consider mastocytes as potential candidates for searching the biomarkers in “inflamm-ageing”. © 2022, RSI

SAPONINS, GLYCOSIDES AND FLAVONOIDS IN CELLS AND TISSUES OF BALANITES AEGYPTIACA CULTURED ON SOLID AND LIQUID CULTURE MEDIA

Objectives: The main objective of the present study is to obtain callus and cell suspension culture from Balanitesa egyptiaca sterile plantlets grown in vitro and to compare growth and the biosynthetic potential of saponins, flavonoids and glycosides by callus and cell suspension culture Balanitisa egyptiaca. Methods: Callus was induced from the mother plants on MS culture media supplemented with  2.0 mg/l  BA + 2.0 mg/l  2,4-D with and without agar gelling. Total saponins, glycosides and flavonoids were estimated in both types of cultures over a period extending from 1 to 5 weeks to compare the productivity of such secondary metabolites in callus and cell suspension cultures. Results: The results obtained indicated that both calli and cell suspension cultures were able to synthesize the target active ingredients and that cell suspension culture was superior to the callus culture in the biosynthesis and accumulation processes. By the end of the incubation period, the amount of total saponins in cell suspension culture reached up 51.97±0.26 dry biomass compared to 35.02 ±0.06 mg/g in callus culture. The amount of total flavonoids in cell suspension culture reached up 10.88±0.24 dry biomass compared to 6.40±0.02 mg/g in callus culture and of total glycosides reached up 6.11±0.25 dry biomass compared to 5.06 ±0.05 mg/g in callus culture. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study may indicate the promising role that plant cell culture will play in the future in phytopharmaceutical industry.                          Peer Review History: Received 16 July 2020; Revised 12 August; Accepted 26 August, Available online 15 September 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Researcher at pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Egypt, [email protected] Ahmad Najib, Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemystry Universitas Muslim Indonesia-Indonesia, [email protected] Similar Articles: PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COLOCASIA ESCULENTA (TARO) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC OF PRUNUS DULCIS (ALMOND) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEME