Growth Performance on Sapudi Ewe’s Birth Typein Sapudi Island, Madura, East Java, Indonesia

This study aimed to compare the growth performance of Sapudi ewe based on birth type. A total of 60 ewes consisting of 35 single-birth type ewes and 25 prolific-birth type ewes were observed for data collection. The data for growth performance comprised of body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), wither height (WH) and udder circumference (UC). The results indicated that birth type significantly affected BL, CC, and WH (P < 0.05). The single-birth type showed greater BL, CC and WH values compared to prolific-birth type. However, no evidence suggested that UC (P = 0.262) are affected by birth type. The results can be useful for selecting Sapudi ewe based on the birth type and growth traits to improve the genetic performance in Sapudi Island, Indonesia. Keywords: birth type, BL, CC, growth performance, sapudi ewe, UC, W

Community Empowerment Program in Bojong Terong, Depok, West Java: Established a Healthy Catering Business that Takes into Account the Industrial Hygiene Aspects

Based on the baseline survey and observation that was conducted by the research team, the community empowerment program is really needed to be implemented in Bojong Pondok Terong. The community in that area faces some social issues that are related to their health, education, and economic condition. Hence, a healthy catering business that also concerns the industrial hygiene aspects is one of the suggested solutions to improve the economic condition of the people in that area. The aim of this research is to investigate people’s knowledge about the industrial hygiene before and after the community empowerment program was developed. This research used quantitative method by using questionnaires. Questionnaires weregiven to around 20 women who were being mentored about developing a healthy catering business that concern to industrial hygiene aspects. The result was analyzed by using SPSS software. The result from the questionnaire presents that 90.62 percent of the respondents observed understand about the industrial hygiene aspects during the pre-test, and it was increased to 98.06 percent during the post-test or after theprogram was developed. Keywords: industrial hygiene, community, program, busines

Keterjadian Penyakit Tersebab Jamur pada Hama Penggerek Buah Kopi (Pbko) di Pertanaman Kopi Agroforestri

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterjadian penyakit tersebab jamur pada hama penggerek buah kopi (Pbko) di pertanaman kopi agroforestri di Sumber Jaya, Lampung Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei (sigi). Survei atau pengambilan sampel buah kopi dilakukan di areal perkebunan kopi rakyat yang ditanam dengan sistem agroforestri yaitu agroforestri sederhana dan agroforestri kompleks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterjadian penyakit tersebab jamur Pbko pada sampel buah kopi dari pohon di agroforestri kompleks lebih tinggi (45,8%) dibandingkan dengan agroforestri sederhana (27,2%). Keterjadian penyakit tersebab jamur Pbko pada buah kopi di tanah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang masih berada di pohon, baik pada sistem agroforestri kompleks (65,3% vs 45,8%) maupun pada agroforestri sederhana (61,3 vs 27,2%)

Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) gene polymorphism and its effect on growth traits in Madura cattle

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene has an important role in the regulation of feed intake and energy balance control. The objective of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MC4R gene and their association with growth traits in Madura cattle. A total of 198 calves were used in this study.Forward primer: 5’-GTCGGGCGTCTTGTTCATC-3’and reverse primer: 5’-GCTTGTGTTTAGCATCGCGT-3’ were used to amplify approximately 493 bp of MC4R gene. The results showed that two SNPs, g.1133C>G and g.1108C>T were identified by direct sequencing. The PCR-RFLP method was performed to genotype all individuals studied based on SNP g.1133C>G, and its SNP was significantly associated with shoulder height (SH) at yearling age (PG changed amino acid from valine to leucine. In conclusion, the SNP g.1133C>G of the MC4R gene may be used as a marker-assisted selection for SH trait in Madura cattle

Artificial Insemination on the Etawah Grade Goats Using Frozen Semen of Gembrong Goat

One of the efforts to conserve Gembrong Goats is through a crossbreeding with Etawah Grade Goats uses the artificial insemination (AI). This aim of the study was to find the result of AI using the frozen semen of Gembrong Goat on the Etawa Grade does. Eight heads selected Etawah Grade does age above 4 yr, weighted 32 kg to 57 kg and BCS 3–4 were estrous synchronized using 0.5 mL pgf2α hormone (lutelyze®) injected in intramuscular. The estrous observation was done during 60 h after synchronized by the histology epithelial cells of the vagina and the visual sign of estrous. AI was conducted after the onset of estrous through intravaginal. Gestation determined by transrectal ultrasonography (USG) on 50 d after AI. Descriptive analysis was applied inthe study. Sperm quality of the frozen semen shows that a good condition with motility and viability is 80 % and 85 %. All Etawah Grade does show the onset of estrous based visual signs, such as agitated, flicked the tail, the vulva was swelling, reddish and slimy. The observations of epithelial cells of the vagina to the characterized phase of estrous cycles. The result of the AI was not showed gestation after USG test, maybe caused byinseminator skills. Keywords: Artificial insemination, Estrous synchronization, Etawah grade goat, Frozen semen, Gembrong goat

Understanding community health worker employment preferences in Malang district, Indonesia, using a discrete choice experiment

Background Community health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in supporting health systems, and in improving accessibility to primary healthcare. In many settings CHW programmes do not have formalised employment models and face issues of high attrition and poor performance. This study aims to determine the employment preferences of CHWs in Malang district, Indonesia, to inform policy interventions. Methods A discrete choice experiment was conducted with 471 CHWs across 28 villages. Attributes relevant to CHW employment were identified through a multistage process including literature review, focus group discussions and expert consultation. Respondents' choices were analysed with a mixed multinomial logit model and latent class analyses. Results Five attributes were identified: (1) supervision; (2) training; (3) monthly financial benefit; (4) recognition; and (5) employment structure. The most important influence on choice of job was a low monthly financial benefit (US∼2) (β=0.53, 95% CI=0.43 to 0.63), followed by recognition in the form of a performance feedback report (β=0.13, 95% CI=0.07 to 0.20). A large monthly financial benefit (US∼20) was most unappealing to respondents (β=-0.13, 95% CI=-0.23 to -0.03). Latent class analysis identified two groups of CHWs who differed in their willingness to accept either job presented and preferences over specific attributes. Preferences diverged based on respondent characteristics including experience, hours' worked per week and income. Conclusion CHWs in Malang district, Indonesia, favour a small monthly financial benefit which likely reflects the unique cultural values underpinning the programme and a desire for remuneration that is commensurate with the limited number of hours worked. CHWs also desire enhanced methods of performance feedback and greater structure around training and their rights and responsibilities. Fulfilling these conditions may become increasingly important should CHWs work longer hours

A study of the quality of cardiovascular and diabetes medicines in Malang District, Indonesia, using exposure-based sampling

Background The WHO has warned that substandard and falsified medicines threaten health, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the magnitude of that threat for many medicines in different regions is not well described, and high-quality studies remain rare. Recent reviews of studies of cardiovascular and diabetes medicine quality recorded that 15.4% of cardiovascular and 6.8% of diabetes samples failed at least one quality test. Review authors warn that study quality was mixed. Because they did not record medicine volume, no study reflected the risk posed to patients. Methods and findings We investigated the quality of five medicines for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Malang district, East Java, Indonesia. Our sample frame, based on dispensing volumes by outlet and price category, included sampling from public and private providers and pharmacies and reflected the potential risk posed to patients. The content of active ingredient was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared with the labelled content. Dissolution testing was also performed. We collected a total of 204 samples: amlodipine (88); captopril (22); furosemide (21); glibenclamide (21) and simvastatin (52), comprising 83 different brands/products. All were manufactured in Indonesia, and all samples met specifications for both assay and dissolution. None was suspected of being falsified. Conclusions While we cannot conclude that the prevalence of poor-quality medicines in Malang district is zero, our sampling method, which reflects likely exposure to specific brands and outlets, suggests that the risk to patients is very low; certainly nothing like the rates found in recent reviews of surveys in LMICs. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of sampling medicines based on likely exposure to specific products and underlines the dangers of extrapolating results across countries

Adherence to isoniazid preventive therapy in Indonesian children: A quantitative and qualitative investigation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is recommended that young child contacts of sputum smear positive tuberculosis cases receive isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) but reported adherence is low and risk factors for poor adherence in children are largely unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We prospectively determined rates of IPT adherence in children < 5 yrs in an Indonesian lung clinic. Possible risk factors for poor adherence, defined as ≤3 months prescription collection, were calculated using logistic regression. To further investigate adherence barriers in-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers of children with good and poor adherence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eighty-two children eligible for IPT were included, 61 (74.4%) of which had poor adherence. High transport costs (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1-10.2) and medication costs (OR 20.0, 95% CI 2.7-414.5) were significantly associated with poor adherence in univariate analysis. Access, medication barriers, disease and health service experience and caregiver TB and IPT knowledge and beliefs were found to be important determinants of adherence in qualitative analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Adherence to IPT in this setting in Indonesia is extremely low and may result from a combination of financial, knowledge, health service and medication related barriers. Successful reduction of childhood TB urgently requires evidence-based interventions that address poor adherence to IPT.</p