Manejo fitossanitário integrado na cultura da soja: uma solução sustentável.

Caracterização da área manejada; Monitoramento e manejo de insetos-pragas e inimigos naturais; Monitoramento e manejo de doenças iniciais e tardias; Monitoramente e manejo de plantas daninhas; Análise econômica do manejo fitossanitário; Resultados do Manejo Fitossanitário; Monitoramento e manejo de insetos-pragas e inimigos naturais; Monitoramento e manejo de doenças iniciais e tardias; Monitoramente e manejo de plantas daninhas; Análise econômica do manejo fitossanitário; Análise do custo de produção; Análise dos indicadores de eficiência econômica.bitstream/item/99034/1/DOC2013119.pd

Mixed emotions to near-miss outcomes: a psychophysiological study with facial electromyography

Near-misses occur across many forms of gambling and are rated as unpleasant while simultaneously increasing the motivation to continue playing. On slot machines, the icon position relative to the payline moderates the effects of near-misses, with near-misses before the payline increasing motivation, and near-misses after the payline being rated as aversive. Near-misses are also known to increase physiological arousal compared to full-misses, but physiological measures to date have not been able to dissociate positive and negative emotional responses. The present study measured facial electromyography at the corrugator (brow) and zygomaticus (cheek) sites, as well as electrodermal activity (EDA), following gambling outcomes on a two-reel slot machine simulation in 77 novice gamblers. Behavioral data was collected using trial-by-trial ratings of motivation and valence. Wins were rated as more pleasant and increased motivation to continue playing, compared to non-win outcomes. Wins were also accompanied by increased EDA and zygomaticus activity. Near-misses after the payline were rated as more aversive than other non-wins, and this was accompanied by increased EDA and zygomaticus activity. Near-misses before the payline increased motivation to continue playing, and were accompanied by increased EDA. Thus, both subjective and physiological responses to near-misses differ for events falling either side of the payline. The ‘near-miss effect’ is not a unitary phenomenon. Facial EMG has differential sensitivity to positive and negative valence and may be a useful measure for future studies of gambling behavior

Fundamentos teóricos-práticos e protocolos de extração e de amplificação de DNA por meio da técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerase.

Caracterização molecular dos ácidos nucléicos; Obtenção de amostras para extração de dna; Cuidados durante e após a extração de dna; Material necessário para extração de dna; Extração de dna de amostras de tecidos de mamíferos; Material; Digestão da amostra; Extração do dna com fenol; Purificação do dna por meio de precipitação com etanol; Protocolos empregados na rotina de extração de dna de amostras de sangue; Extração de dna de amostras de sangue com a utilização de colunas de extração; Protocolo de extração de dna de sangue mediante precipitação com sal; Extração de dna de amostras congeladas de sangue; Protocolos empregados na extração de dna de amostras de artrópodes com utilização de colunas de purificação; Protocolo para extração de dna de amostras de carrapatos com colunas de purificação 11; Protocolo de extração de dna de ovos de carrapatos com a utilização de colunas de purificação; Extração de dna de amostras de sêmen; Extração de dna de plantas; Leitura da concentração de dna nas amostras Introdução à tecnica de pcr; Escolha dos primers ou iniciadores; Pcr "multiplex" ; Nested-pcr; Pcr quantitativa; Eletroforese de ácidos nucléicos; Eletroforese em gel de agarose; Variáveis que afetam a migração do dna através do gel de agarose; Protocolo para análise de produtos de amplificação e fragmentos de digestão em gel de agarose; Eletroforese em sistema capilar; Protocolo para análise de produtos de amplificação em sistema capilar; Protocolos de amplificação de dna parasitário; Pcr para babesia bigemina; Nested-pcr para babesia bigemina; Eletroforese em gel de agarose para visualização dos produtos amplificados

Culture and Counterfactuals: On the Importance of Life Domains

Past research, with its emphasis on affective regulatory processes, has failed to find cross-cultural differences in counterfactual thoughts. In the current study, the authors examine the tendency to generate additive counterfactuals (those that focus on the addition of new aspects that were not in fact present) and subtractive counterfactuals (those that focus on subtraction of factual aspects) among Mainland Chinese and European American university students in five life domains: schoolwork, romantic relationships, family relationships, friendships, and life in general. As in previous studies, the authors find an overall main effect, in which additive counterfactuals predominate over subtractive counterfactuals within both cultural groups. However, they also find systematic cultural differences in the likelihood of generating additive and subtractive counterfactuals in the domains of schoolwork and family. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the nature of cultural differences.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000235484300005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Psychology, SocialSSCI20ARTICLE175-843

Striatal sensitivity to personal responsibility in a regret-based decision-making task

Regret and relief are complex emotional states associated with the counterfactual processing of nonobtained outcomes in a decision-making situation. In the "actor effect," a sense of agency and personal responsibility is thought to heighten these emotions. Using fMRI, we scanned volunteers (n = 22) as they played a task involving choices between two wheel-of-fortune gambles. We examined how neural responses to counterfactual outcomes were modulated by giving subjects the opportunity to change their minds, as a manipulation of personal responsibility. Satisfaction ratings to the outcomes were highly sensitive to the difference between the obtained and nonobtained outcome, and ratings following losses were lower on trials with the opportunity to change one's mind. Outcome-related activity in the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex was positively related to the satisfaction ratings. The striatal response was modulated by the agency manipulation: Following losses, the striatal signal was significantly lower when the subject had the opportunity to change his/her mind. These results support the involvement of frontostriatal mechanisms in counterfactual thinking and highlight the sensitivity of the striatum to the effects of personal responsibility.</p

Trends and Regional Differences in Breastfeeding in Germany From 1871 To 1937

This article describes trends and regional differences in breastfeeding within Germany from 1870 to 1937. Sharp regional differences in both the in cidence and duration of breastfeeding are present around 1910. There is a com plex pattern of trends in infant-feeding practices. Breastfeeding declined in urban areas between the late nineteenth century and the first World War. A strong nationwide resurgence in the incidence of breastfeeding occurred between the two world wars, accompanied by a decline in the average duration of breastfeeding. By 1937, the formerly great regional differences in breastfeeding had nearly dis appeared. The article also discusses social, economic, cultural, and historical variables affecting infant-feeding practices, including local breastfeeding customs, a national infant welfare campaign, and allowances to nursing mothers.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67272/2/10.1177_036319908501000203.pd