Considering the impact of situation-specific motivations and constraints in the design of naturally ventilated and hybrid buildings

A simple logical model of the interaction between a building and its occupants is presented based on the principle that if free to do so, people will adjust their posture, clothing or available building controls (windows, blinds, doors, fans, and thermostats) with the aim of achieving or restoring comfort and reducing discomfort. These adjustments are related to building design in two ways: first the freedom to adjust depends on the availability and ease-of-use of control options; second the use of controls affects building comfort and energy performance. Hence it is essential that these interactions are considered in the design process. The model captures occupant use of controls in response to thermal stimuli (too warm, too cold etc.) and non-thermal stimuli (e.g. desire for fresh air). The situation-specific motivations and constraints on control use are represented through trigger temperatures at which control actions occur, motivations are included as negative constraints and incorporated into a single constraint value describing the specifics of each situation. The values of constraints are quantified for a range of existing buildings in Europe and Pakistan. The integration of the model within a design flow is proposed and the impact of different levels of constraints demonstrated. It is proposed that to minimise energy use and maximise comfort in naturally ventilated and hybrid buildings the designer should take the following steps: 1. Provide unconstrained low energy adaptive control options where possible, 2. Avoid problems with indoor air quality which provide motivations for excessive ventilation rates, 3. Incorporate situation-specific adaptive behaviour of occupants in design simulations, 4. Analyse the robustness of designs against variations in patterns of use and climate, and 5. Incorporate appropriate comfort standards into the operational building controls (e.g. BEMS)

Opera House di Pekanbaru dengan Pendekatan Eko-Arsitektur

Enthusiastic people about artistry in Pekanbaru progressively increasing. It is characterized by the presence of music festivals and other art events in the frequency of routine in Pekanbaru. This phenomenon is inversely proportional to the infrastructure that supports arts activities. Beside it, performing arts venues are now insufficient to meet the needs of visitors and not the maximum in the public interest will be art. In the construction of the Opera House was not spared from its impact on the surrounding environment. Construction, operation and demolition are responsible for some of the effect that occurs in nature such as greenhouse gas emissions, declining air quality, a lack of groundwater flow and depletion of natural resources. Seeing the impact that occurs from the current development are not concerned with the environmental aspects it is fitting the concept of eco-architecture applied to the foundation of the current development. Opera House is using the concept of Eco-Building Perform meaningful combination of the results of space created from the activities and the natural surroundings which are both interconnected to create a building that can provide and benefit from the surrounding environment

Sentra Kerajinan Tenun Songket Sumatera di Pekanbaru dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Postmodern

As a Malay traditional craft, Sumatera Songket is known it's high culture value. With varioud of pattern, the songket has a peculiarity interesting to tourists. Therefore a facility to accommodate songket is needed to conserve and to provide information to public, in order to let them to know and learn decorative of pattern and the process of making the songket. The facility is a center of craft industrial area which produce songket. With the Postmodern Architecture approach, the concept of this center is Khazanah Songket Melayu which is defined as a high value of the culture. Through the neo-vernacularism design method, it is applied on zoning, the massing, the landscaping, and facade. This production center area has applied Songket pattern arrangement, the landscape is in accordance to the mass. While the mass has designed with decorative pattern ornament. The pattern of mangosteen, and local decorative ornament are applied to building facade in neo-vernacularism design

Analisis Tuturan Kitab Tapal Adam Dalam Pernikahan Di Lombok Utara

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mendiskripsikan tentang fungsi serta nilai-nilai yang terdapat pada tuturan Kitab Tapal Adam. Dari hasil penelitian ini penulis berhrap dapat member gambaran tentang fungsi serta nilai-nilai yang terdapat pada tuturan Kitab Tapal Adam, agar dapat berguna sebagai refrensi atau masukan bagi ilmu budaya, dan sekuarang-kurangnya dapat berguna sebagai sumbangan pemikiran bagi dunia pendidikan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif (kualitatif) metode deskriptif kualitatif yang merupakan prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian menggunakan teknik interaktif, yaitu mengumpulkan data, menabulasi data, dan menganalisa berdasarkan fungsi tuturan, nilai-nilai tuturan dan menarik kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan, yaitu (1) tuturan Kitab Tapal Adam berfungsi sebagai, fungsi moralitas, fungsi religious dan fungsi sebagai media hiburan, namun fungsi tuturan kitab Tapal Adam lebih dominan terhadap fungsi religious karena lebih mengutamakan tentang ketaatan serta kepatuhan kepada perintah serta larangan Allah. (2) Tuturan Kitab Tapal Adam mengandung nilai religious, nilai filosofi, nilai historis, dan nilai moral. Namun nilai filosofi lebih domoinan karena dalam tuturan Kitab Tapal Adam terdapat rahasia Allah sehingga harus dikaji lebih dalam lagi

Perceptions of knowledge sharing among small family firm leaders: a structural equation model

Small family firms have many unique relational qualities with implications for how knowledge is passed between individuals. Extant literature posits leadership approach as important in explaining differences in knowledge-sharing climate from one firm to another. This study investigates how leadership approaches interact with family influence to inform perceptions of knowledge sharing. We utilize survey data (n = 110) from owner-managers of knowledge-intensive small family firms in Scotland. Our findings present a choice in leadership intention, contrasting organization-focused participation against family-influenced guidance. Insight is offered on the implications of this leadership choice at both organizational and familial level

Arsenic exposure and outcomes of antimonial treatment in visceral leishmaniasis patients in bihar, India:a retrospective cohort study

Funding: This work was supported by a Clinical PhD Fellowship to MRP (090665) and a Principal Research Fellowship to AHF (079838) from the Wellcome Trust (http://www.wellcome.ac.uk). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Impacts of environmental change on agroecosystems and livelihoods in Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. To understand local perceptions of the impacts of environmental change in two mountain districts of Nepal — Myagdi and Mustang — between 2010 and 2014, a survey, focus groups, town hall meetings, and extensive consultation with local stakeholders were conducted, supplemented by analyses of soil, rainfall, and temperature data. Mountain people in Nepal shared their perceptions of environmental change in their everyday lives, including agricultural practices and tourism activities. While ordinary individuals welcome the construction of new roads, elites still prefer to maintain trails and the status quo. People are concerned about the introduction of mosquitoes, increases in insect pests and plant pathogens, and other vectors along with roads. Snowfall has decreased and rainfall has been unpredictable. Mean minimum winter temperatures have increased and the mountains are experiencing shorter winters and less snow accumulation, which threaten the livelihoods of people that depend on fresh water. While people with means are replacing their traditional homes with modern homes, that is beyond reach for average Mustangi citizens. Expansion and diversification of agriculture, adoption of sound soil management techniques in Marpha village of Mustang and Shikha village of Myagdi, and growing forest cover in Shikha are some indicators of enhanced community managed practices. The coping strategies and indigenous practices adopted by local people in the region against hardship and environmental changes could serve as examples in similar mountain settings elsewhere

Genomic and metabolomic polymorphism among experimentally selected paromomycin-resistant Leishmania donovani strains

Understanding the mechanism(s) underpinning drug resistance could lead to novel treatments to reverse the increased tolerance of a pathogen. In this study paromomycin (PMM) resistance (PMM-R) was induced in three Nepalese clinical strains of L. donovani, with different inherent susceptibility to antimony drugs (Sb), by step-wise exposure of promastigotes to PMM. Exposure to PMM resulted in the production of mixed populations of parasites even though a single cloned population was used at the start of selection. PMM IC50 values for PMM-R parasites varied between 104-481 µM at the promastigotes stage and 32-195 µM at the intracellular amastigotes stage. PMM resistance was associated with increased resistance to nitric oxide at the amastigote but not the promastigote stage (p < 0.05). This effect was most marked in the Sb-R PMM-R clone, where PMM-R resistance was associated with a significant upregulation in glutathione compared to its WT (p < 0.05) although there was no change in trypanothione (detected in its oxidised form). Interestingly, PMM-R strains showed an increase in either the keto acid derivative of isoleucine (Sb-I PMM-R) or the 2-hydroxy acids derived from arginine and tyrosine (Sb-S PMM-R and Sb-R PMM-R). These results are consistent with the recent finding that upregulation of the branch-chain amino acid aminotransferase and the D-lactate dehydrogenase are linked to PMM-R. In addition, we found that PMM-R was associated with a significant increase in aneuploidy during PMM selection in all the strains, which could allow rapid selection of genetic changes that confer a survival advantage