Jet aircraft configuration Patent

Upper surface, external flow, jet-augmented flap configuration for high wing jet aircraft for noise reductio

Aerodynamic tests and analysis of a turbojet-boosted launch vehicle concept (spacejet) over a Mach number range of 1.50 to 2.86

Results from analytical and experimental studies of the aerodynamic characteristics of a turbojet-boosted launch vehicle concept through a Mach number range of 1.50 to 2.86 are presented. The vehicle consists of a winged orbiter utilizing an area-ruled axisymmetric body and two winged turbojet boosters mounted underneath the orbiter wing. Drag characteristics near zero lift were of prime interest. Force measurements and flow visualization techniques were employed. Estimates from wave drag theory, supersonic lifting surface theory, and impact theory are compared with data and indicate the ability of these theories to adequately predict the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle. Despite the existence of multiple wings and bodies in close proximity to each other, no large scale effects of boundary layer separation on drag or lift could be discerned. Total drag levels were, however, sensitive to booster locations

Theoretical Parametric Study of the Relative Advantages of Winglets and Wing-Tip Extensions

For identical increases in bending moment, a winglet provides a greater gain in induced efficiency than tip extension. Winglet toe angle allows design trades between efficiency and root moment. A winglet shows the greatest benefit when the wing loads are heavy near the tip. Washout diminishes the benefit of either tip modification, and the gain in induced efficiency becomes a function of lift coefficient; thus, heavy wing loadings obtain the greatest benefit from a winglet, and low-speed performance is enhanced even more than cruise performance. Both induced efficiency and bending moment increase with winglet length and outward cant. The benefit of a winglet relative to a tip extension is greatest for a nearly vertical winglet. Root bending moment is proportional to the minimum weight of bending material required in the wing; thus, it is a valid index of the impact of tip modifications on a new wing design

The effect of Bt-transgenic potatoes on the movement of the Colorado potato beetle [Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae]

Une étude de deux saisons au Centre de recherches sur la pomme de terre, Fredericton, Nouveau-Brunswick, a démontré que les adultes du doryphore de la pomme de terre ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata) susceptibles au Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) avaient un temps de résidence quantifiable dans une parcelle de pomme de terre Bt-transgénique. Cinquante pour cent des doryphores susceptibles au Bt relâchés dans une parcelle de pommes de terre Russet Burbank transgéniques (NewLeaf TM) ont été recapturés de 4 à 7 jours plus tard tandis que la même proportion de recapture des doryphores relâchés dans la parcelle témoin non-transgénique a eu lieu de 7 à 11 jours après le lâcher. En dépit de la toxicité des plantes, les doryphores ont survécu pendant un laps de temps appréciable (jusqu'à 31 jours) dans la parcelle de pommes de terre transgéniques. De 25 à 30 % des doryphores relâchés dans la parcelle de pommes de terre Bt-transgéniques furent recapturés sur des plants-pièges ou dans des pièges-fosse en dehors de cette parcelle, ce qui démontre un niveau élevé de dispersion. La durée du temps de résidence et le haut niveau de dispersion pourraient permettre le développement d'une population de doryphores résistante à la pomme de terre Bt-transgénique. Nos résultats sont utiles pour le développement d'une stratégie de déploiement de la pomme de terre Bt-transgénique qui réduit les risques de résistance au Bt chez le doryphore de la pomme de terre.A two-year field study conducted at the Potato Research Centre in Fredericton, New Brunswick, demonstrated a quantifiable residency time for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) susceptible adult Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in a Bt-transgenic potato field. Fifty percent of Bt-susceptible beetles released in a transgenic Russet Burbank (NewLeafTM) potato plot were recaptured 4 to 7 days after release compared to 7 to 11 days for beetles released in a non-transgenic control plot. Beetles survived for long periods of time (up to 31 days) on transgenic potatoes in spite of the crop's toxicity. A significant number of beetles dispersed from transgenic plots. Twenty-five and 30% of the beetles released in the Bt-transgenic plot were recaptured in border rows or trench traps outside the plot indicating a high level of dispersal activity. The long residency time and the high level of dispersal activity could increase the chances of development of a Bt-resistant beetle population. These findings are important to the development of a deployment strategy that will reduce the risk of build-up of Bt resistance in the beetle population