Inclusive Production Through AdS/CFT

It has been shown that AdS/CFT calculations can reproduce certain exclusive 2->2 cross sections in QCD at high energy, both for near-forward and for fixed-angle scattering. In this paper, we extend prior treatments by using AdS/CFT to calculate the inclusive single-particle production cross section in QCD at high center-of-mass energy. We find that conformal invariance in the UV restricts the cross section to have a characteristic power-law falloff in the transverse momentum of the produced particle, with the exponent given by twice the conformal dimension of the produced particle, independent of incoming particle types. We conclude by comparing our findings to recent LHC experimental data from ATLAS and ALICE, and find good agreement.Comment: JHEP version. Discussion, appendix, figures, and tables added. Conclusions and key results unchange

First computation of Mueller Tang processes using the full NLL BFKL approach

We present the full next-to-leading order (NLO) prediction for the jet-gap-jet cross section at the LHC within the BFKL approach. We implement, for the first time, the NLO impact factors in the calculation of the cross section. We provide results for differential cross sections as a function of the difference in rapidity and azimuthal angle betwen the two jets and the second leading jet transverse momentum. The NLO corrections of the impact factors induce an overall reduction of the cross section with respect to the corresponding predictions with only LO impact factors. We note that NLO impact factors feature a logarithmic dependence of the cross section on the total center of mass energy which formally violates BFKL factorization. We show that such term is one order of magnitude smaller than the total contribution, and thus can be safely included in the current prediction without a need of further resummation of such logarithmic terms. Fixing the renormalization scale $\mu_R$ according to the principle of minimal sensitivity, suggests $\mu_R$ about 4 times the sum of the transverse jet energies and provides smaller theroretical uncertainties with respect to the leading order case

Fiber Type Conversion by PGC-1α Activates Lysosomal and Autophagosomal Biogenesis in Both Unaffected and Pompe Skeletal Muscle

PGC-1α is a transcriptional co-activator that plays a central role in the regulation of energy metabolism. Our interest in this protein was driven by its ability to promote muscle remodeling. Conversion from fast glycolytic to slow oxidative fibers seemed a promising therapeutic approach in Pompe disease, a severe myopathy caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) which is responsible for the degradation of glycogen. The recently approved enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has only a partial effect in skeletal muscle. In our Pompe mouse model (KO), the poor muscle response is seen in fast but not in slow muscle and is associated with massive accumulation of autophagic debris and ineffective autophagy. In an attempt to turn the therapy-resistant fibers into fibers amenable to therapy, we made transgenic KO mice expressing PGC-1α in muscle (tgKO). The successful switch from fast to slow fibers prevented the formation of autophagic buildup in the converted fibers, but PGC-1α failed to improve the clearance of glycogen by ERT. This outcome is likely explained by an unexpected dramatic increase in muscle glycogen load to levels much closer to those observed in patients, in particular infants, with the disease. We have also found a remarkable rise in the number of lysosomes and autophagosomes in the tgKO compared to the KO. These data point to the role of PGC-1α in muscle glucose metabolism and its possible role as a master regulator for organelle biogenesis - not only for mitochondria but also for lysosomes and autophagosomes. These findings may have implications for therapy of lysosomal diseases and other disorders with altered autophagy

Radial Lattice Quantization of 3D ϕ4\phi^4 Field Theory

The quantum extension of classical finite elements, referred to as quantum finite elements ({\bf QFE})~\cite{Brower:2018szu,Brower:2016vsl}, is applied to the radial quantization of 3d $\phi^4$ theory on a simplicial lattice for the $\mathbb R \times \mathbb S^2$ manifold. Explicit counter terms to cancel the one- and two-loop ultraviolet defects are implemented to reach the quantum continuum theory. Using the Brower-Tamayo~\cite{Brower:1989mt} cluster Monte Carlo algorithm, numerical results support the QFE ansatz that the critical conformal field theory (CFT) is reached in the continuum with the full isometries of $\mathbb R \times \mathbb S^2$ restored. The Ricci curvature term, while technically irrelevant in the quantum theory, is shown to dramatically improve the convergence opening, the way for high precision Monte Carlo simulation to determine the CFT data: operator dimensions, trilinear OPE couplings and the central charge.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

The Operator Product Expansion for Radial Lattice Quantization of 3D ϕ4\phi^4 Theory

At its critical point, the three-dimensional lattice Ising model is described by a conformal field theory (CFT), the 3d Ising CFT. Instead of carrying out simulations on Euclidean lattices, we use the Quantum Finite Elements method to implement radially quantized critical $\phi^4$ theory on simplicial lattices approaching $\mathbb{R} \times S^2$. Computing the four-point function of identical scalars, we demonstrate the power of radial quantization by the accurate determination of the scaling dimensions $\Delta_{\epsilon}$ and $\Delta_{T}$ as well as ratios of the operator product expansion (OPE) coefficients $f_{\sigma \sigma \epsilon}$ and $f_{\sigma \sigma T}$ of the first spin-0 and spin-2 primary operators $\epsilon$ and $T$ of the 3d Ising CFT.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

A rapid non-iterative proper orthogonal decomposition based outlier detection and correction for PIV data

The present work proposes a novel method of detection and estimation of outliers in particle image velocimetry measurements by the modification of the temporal coefficients associated with a proper orthogonal decomposition of an experimental time series. Using synthetic outliers applied to two sequences of vector fields, the method is benchmarked against stateof-the-art approaches recently proposed to remove the influence of outliers. Compared with these methods, the proposed approach offers an increase in accuracy and robustness for the detection of outliers and comparable accuracy for their estimation

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which include soft drinks, fruit drinks, iced tea, and energy and vitamin water drinks has risen across the globe. Regular consumption of SSBs has been associated with weight gain and risk of overweight and obesity, but the role of SSBs in the development of related chronic metabolic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, has not been quantitatively reviewed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We searched the MEDLINE database up to May 2010 for prospective cohort studies of SSB intake and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. We identified 11 studies (three for metabolic syndrome and eight for type 2 diabetes) for inclusion in a random-effects meta-analysis comparing SSB intake in the highest to lowest quantiles in relation to risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Based on data from these studies, including 310,819 participants and 15,043 cases of type 2 diabetes, individuals in the highest quantile of SSB intake (most often 1–2 servings/day) had a 26% greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those in the lowest quantile (none or less than 1 serving/month) (relative risk [RR] 1.26 [95% CI 1.12–1.41]). Among studies evaluating metabolic syndrome, including 19,431 participants and 5,803 cases, the pooled RR was 1.20 [1.02–1.42]. CONCLUSIONS In addition to weight gain, higher consumption of SSBs is associated with development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. These data provide empirical evidence that intake of SSBs should be limited to reduce obesity-related risk of chronic metabolic diseases