Estudo morfológico de folhas de cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.).

As folhas de Theobroma grandiflorum Schum. são morfologicamente descritas. A espécie apresenta elementos histológicos comuns para a família, destacando-se tipos de tricomas, estômatos e contornos das células epidérmicas em visão frontal. Empregou-se microscopia eletrônica de varredura para a caracterização de segmentos foliares jovens, onde ficou evidenciada a presença de tricomas estrelados nas superfícies adaxial e abaxial dos mesmos. As folhas de cupuaçu não apresentaram estômatos na superfície adaxial, sendo estes em número elevado na superfície abaxial, caracterizando-se como hipoestomáticas. As nervuras principais das folhas de cupuaçu apresentaram-se desprovidas de tricomas, com estômatos esparsamente distribuídos.bitstream/item/24661/1/bpd33-cupuacu.pd

Sistema de informações geográficas: uma ferramenta para gestão de pesquisa agrícola.

The activities of agricultural research and technology transfer has been demanding ever more innovative solutions. The efficient management of space and phenomena in the areas of experiments, facilitates the processes of decision making and improved information management and planning. Analysis resulting from the use of geographic information systems enable work in a fast and simple linking existing information and its position and showing important gains in support for generating good results for the search. This work aimed to study the use of a GIS to creation of georeferenced databases, assessing its applicability as a useful tool for the management of research in an experimental field of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands. The database was developed from analog plants, land survey and measurements in the field, combined with the use of GIS and CAD tools for creating an integrated database. The WebGIS application was used to release the results of consultation and facilitation of data on the local network of computers Embrapa Coastal Tablelands

Flavoring Agents Present In A Dentifrice Can Modify Volatile Sulphur Compounds (vscs) Formation In Morning Bad Breath

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a flavor-containing dentifrice on the formation of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in morning bad breath. A two-step, blinded, crossover, randomized study was carried out in 50 dental students with a healthy periodontium divided into two experimental groups: flavor-containing dentifrice (test) and non-flavor-containing dentifrice (control). The volunteers received the designated dentifrice and a new toothbrush for a 3 X/day brushing regimen for 2 periods of 30 days. A seven-day washout interval was used between the periods. The assessed parameters were: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), organoleptic breath scores (ORG), VSC levels (as measured by a portable sulphide monitor) before (H1) and after (H2) cleaning of the tongue, tongue coating (TC) wet weight and BANA test from TC samples. The intra-group analysis showed a decrease in ORG, from 3 to 2, after 30 days for the test group (p 0.05). These findings suggest that a flavor-containing dentifrice seems to prevent VSCs formation in morning bad breath regardless of the amount of TC in periodontally healthy subjects.223252257Lee, C.H., Kho, H.S., Chung, S.C., Lee, S.W., Kim, Y.K., The relationship between volatile sulfur compounds and major halitosis-inducing factors (2003) J Periodontol, 74 (1), pp. 32-37Goldberg, S., Kozlovsky, D., Gordon, D., Gelernter, I., Sintov, A., Rosenberg, M., Cadaverine as a putative component of oral malodor (1994) J Dent Res, 73 (6), pp. 1168-1172Persson, S., Edlund, M.B., Claesson, R., Carlsson, J., The formation of hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria (1990) Oral Microbiol Immunol, 5 (4), pp. 195-201Sharma, N.C., Galustians, H.J., Qaqish, J., The clinical effectiveness of a dentifrice containing triclosan and a copolymer for controlling breath odor measured organoleptically twelve hours after toothbrushing (1999) J Clin Dent, 10 (4), pp. 131-134Faveri, M., Hayacibara, M.F., Pupio, G.C., Cury, J.A., Tsuzuki, C.O., Hayacibara, R.M., A cross-over study on the effect of various therapeutic approaches to morning breath odor (2006) J Clin Periodontol, 33 (8), pp. 555-560Rosenberg, M., McCulloch, C.A.G., Measurements of oral mal-odor: Current methods and future prospects (1992) J Periodontol, 63 (9), pp. 776-782Nogueira-Filho, G.R., Duarte, P.M., Toledo, S., Tabchoury, C.P.M., Cury, J.A., Effect of triclosan dentifrices on mouth volatile sulphur compounds and dental plaque trypsin-like activity during experimental gingivitis development (2002) J Clin Periodontol, 29 (12), pp. 1059-1064Niles, H.P., Miller, S., Gaffar, A., Mouth odor reduction by a sodium bicarbonate dentifrice (1993) J Dent Res, 72 (4), pp. 249-252Brunette, D.M., Proskin, H.M., Nelson, B.J., The effects of dentifrice systems on oral malodor (1998) J Clin Dent, 9 (3), pp. 76-82Gerlach, R.W., Hyde, J.D., Poore, C.L., Stevens, D.P., Witt, J.J., Breath effects of three marketed dentifrices: A comparative study evaluating single and cumulative use (1998) J Clin Dent, 9 (4), pp. 83-88Bowen, W.H., The significance of toothpaste in oral hygiene (1992) Embery G, Rölla G. Clinical and Biological Aspects of Dentifrices, pp. 9-16. , Oxford University Press: New York;Davis, W.B., The function of toothpaste components (1981) The Windsor Seminar on toothpaste standards with special emphasis on abrasion, , Jorgensen KD, editor, Council of Public Health, Danish Dental Association;Ainamo, J., Bay, I., Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque (1975) Int Dent J, 25 (4), pp. 229-235Kozlovsky, A., Gordon, D., Gelernter, I., Loesche, W.J., Rosenberg, M., Correlation between the BANA test and oral malodor parameters (1994) J Dent Res, 73 (5), pp. 1036-1042Rosenberg, M., Kulkarni, G.V., Bosy, A., McCulloch, C.A., Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodor measurements with a portable sulphide monitor (1991) J Dent Res, 70 (11), pp. 1436-1440Loesche, W.J., Bretz, W.A., Lopatin, D., Stoll, J., Rau, C.F., Hillenburg, K.L., Multi-center clinical evaluation of a chairside method for detecting certain periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal disease (1990) J Periodontol, 61 (3), pp. 189-196Loesche, W.J., Kazor, C., Microbiology and treatment of halitosis (2002) Periodontol 2000, 28 (1), pp. 256-279Ayres M, Ayres M Jr, Ayres DL, Dos Santos AS. BioEstat 2.0: Aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das Ciências Biológicas e Médicas. Belém: Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, Brasília: CNPq2000Pedrazzi, V., Sato, S., Mattos, M.G.C., Lara, E.H.G., Panzeri, H., Tongue-cleaning methods: A comparative clinical trial employing a toothbrush and a tongue scraper (2004) J Periodontol, 75 (7), pp. 1009-1012Bosy, A., Kulkarni, G.V., Rosenberg, M., McCulloch, C.A., Relationship of oral malodor to periodontitis: Evidence of independence in discrete subpopulations (1994) J Periodontol, 65 (1), pp. 37-46De Boever, E.H., Loesche, W.J., Assessing contribution of anaerobic microflora of the tongue to oral malodor (1995) J Am Dent Assoc, 126 (10), pp. 1384-1393Miyazaki, H., Sakao, S., Katoh, Y., Takehara, T., Correlation between volatile sulfur-containing compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population (1995) J Periodontol, 66 (8), pp. 679-684Yaegaki, K., Sanada, K., Volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from clinically healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease (1992) J Periodontal Res, 27 (4 PART 1), pp. 233-238Morris, P.P., Read, R.R., Halitosis: Variations in mouth and total breath odor intensity resulting from prophylaxis (1949) J Dent Res, 28 (3), pp. 324-33

Biomass yield, nitrogen accumulation and nutritive value of Mavuno grass inoculated with plant-growth-promoting bacteria.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of strains of Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium tropici on the shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) yield, N uptake and nutritive value of ‘Mavuno’ grass inoculated with plant growth-promoting bacteria. We evaluated the effects of inoculation with the Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 strains of Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens or co-inoculation with Rhizobium tropici and Ab-V6, with and without nitrogen (N) application, as well as re-inoculations. The growth promoting bacteria + N promoted increases in SDW and RDW yield, tillers dry weight, relative chlorophyll index and N uptake. There were no effects of re-inoculation by Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium tropici on nutrition, nutritive value and SDW and RDW yield, demonstrating that this technique still needs further studies with ‘Mavuno’ grass in the form and the correct period to be performed

Avaliação da reação de genótipos de feijão-caupi a infecção por vírus por meio dos efeitos qualitativos.

Uma das principais causas da redução da produtividade em feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) são as doenças causadas por vírus, sendo que no Piauí os principais vírus já identificados são: Cowpea Aphid borne mosaic virus (CABMV), Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) e o Cowpea golden mosaic virus (CPGMV). Em conseqüência da grande incidência desses vírus, o uso de cultivares resistentes é a medida mais eficiente para o controle dos mesmos. Foram utilizados 43 genótipos, envolvendo linhagens e cultivares de diferentes procedências. Os isolados virais foram mantidos em gaiolas cobertas com tela anteafídeos nas cultivares CNC 0434, TE 93-200-49F e TE 94-256-2E indicadoras do CABMV e CPSMV sorotipo I e II, respectivamente. O trabalho foi dividido em três ciclos de avaliação, cada ciclo envolveu 13 genótipos e quatro testemunhas. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com 17 tratamentos. Para cada tratamento foram utilizadas oito plantas. Os isolados virais ou mistura viral foram inoculados nos genótipos nas seguintes combinações: CABMV, CPSMV-I, CPSMV-II, CABMV + CPSMV-I, CABMV + CPSMV-II, CPSMV-I + CPSMV-II, CABMV + CPSMV-I + CPSMV-II. Os efeitos qualitativos foram avaliados por meio da descrição dos sintomas visuais das plantas inoculadas mecanicamente. A maioria dos genótipos mostrou-se suscetível aos vírus tanto em infecções isoladas quanto em infecções mistas. Merecem destaque as cultivares BR 17-Gurguéia e Patativa no que se refere à resistência ao CPSMV, e as cultivares Mazagão e Sanzi-sambili resistentes ao CABMV. Com relação à resistência múltipla, destacaram-se as linhagens CNCx698-128F, Pativa, TE97-309G-4, TE97-309G-9, TE97-309G-22, TE97-3321G-8, TVu 379, TVu 382, TVu 3961 e TVu 966. Os genótipos que apresentaram plantas assintomáticas sob a infecção com diferentes combinações virais foram BR 17-Gurguéia, Patativa, Mazagão, Sanzi-sambili, CNCx698-128F, Pativa, TE97-309G-4, TE97-309G-9, TE97-309G-22, TE97-3321G-8, TVu 379, TVu 382, TVu 3961 e TVu 966, são portanto, os mais importantes para serem usados em programas de melhoramento visando resistência a vírus

Soil quality indicators in a rhodic kandiudult under different uses in northern Parana, Brazil.

Sustainable use of soil, maintaining or improving its quality, is one of the goals of diversification in farmlands. From this point of view, bioindicators associated with C, N and P cycling can be used in assessments of land-use effects on soil quality. The aim of this study was to investigate chemical, microbiological and biochemical properties of soil associated with C, N and P under different land uses in a farm property with diversified activity in northern Parana, Brazil. Seven areas under different land uses were assessed: fragment of native Atlantic Forest; growing of peach-palm (Bactrys gasipaes); sugarcane ratoon (Saccharum officinarum) recently harvested, under renewal; growing of coffee (Coffea arabica) intercropped with tree species; recent reforestation (1 year) with native tree species, previously under annual crops; annual crops under no-tillage, rye (Cecale cereale); secondary forest, regenerated after abandonment (for 20 years) of an avocado (Persea americana) orchard. The soil under coffee, recent reforestation and secondary forest showed higher concentrations of organic carbon, but microbial biomass and enzyme activities were higher in soils under native forest and secondary forest, which also showed the lowest metabolic coefficient, followed by the peach-palm area. The lowest content of water-dispersible clay was found in the soil under native forest, differing from soils under sugarcane and secondary forest. Soil cover and soil use affected total organic C contents and soil enzyme and microbial activities, such that more intensive agricultural uses had deeper impacts on the indicators assessed. Calculation of the mean soil quality index showed that the secondary forest was closest to the fragment of native forest, followed by the peach-palm area, coffee-growing area, annual crop area, the area of recent reforestation and the sugarcane ratoon area

Nutrients Uptake in Shoots and Biomass Yields and Roots and Nutritive Value of Zuri Guinea Grass Inoculated with Plant Growth-promoting Bacteria.

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Reação de genótipos de feijão-caupi revela resistência às coinfecções pelo Cucumber mosaic virus, Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus e Cowpea severe mosaic virus.

O rendimento do feijão-caupi pode ser afetado por diversos fatores, em especial as viroses. As principais espécies de vírus que infectam o feijão-caupi, no Brasil, são: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) e o Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV). Este trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas e teve como objetivo avaliar a reação de genótipos de feijão-caupi quanto à resistência à infecção simples pelo CMV e mista nas combinações CMV+CABMV, CMV+CPSMV-I e MV+CABMV+CPSMV-I. Inicialmente, foram incluídos 57 genótipos, sendo três avaliações em gaiolas com tela antiafídeos sob infecção controlada, e uma em condição de campo sob infecção natural. Em seguida, foram selecionados 18 genótipos para serem desenvolvidos em nove ensaios, oito em gaiolas com tela antiafídeos sob infecção controlada, e um em campo sob infecção natural. Nesses ensaios, avaliaram-se os efeitos qualitativos e quantitativos resultantes das infecções. No ensaio de campo, foram avaliados o número de plantas assintomáticas, comprimento de vagem, número de grãos por vagem, massa de cem grãos e produtividade. As coinfecções reduziram a altura da planta e a massa seca. Além disso, nas infecções envolvendo os três vírus ocorreu a morte prematura de alguns genótipos. Os genótipos BR17-Gurguéia, Epace V-96, TE97-309G-9, TE97-309G-22, TE97-309G-24 e Patativa, além de bom comportamento diante das coinfecções virais, têm sementes com padrão comercial, podendo ser empregadas diretamente em programas de melhoramento