Clustering of Laser Scanner Perception Points of Maize Plants

The goal of this work was to cluster maize plants perception points under six different growth stages in noisy 3D point clouds with known positions. The 3D point clouds were assembled with a 2D laser scanner mounted at the front of a mobile robot, fusing the data with the precise robot position, gained by a total station and an Inertial Measurement Unit. For clustering the single plants in the resulting point cloud, a graph-cut based algorithm was used. The algorithm results were compared with the corresponding measured values of plant height and stem position. An accuracy for the estimated height of 1.55 cm and the stem position of 2.05 cm was achieved

Producing grain yield maps by merging combine harvester and remote sensing data

High-quality combine harvester yield data are very important to produce yield maps. However, errors that derive from the combine harvester may be corrected. A data source that could be used to improve the yield maps obtained from harvester data is satellite-based data (e.g. Sentinel 2 (S2) imageries) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) based data that are commonly used to predict grain yield and also define fertilisation rates. In this study, yield data from a combine harvester, a multi-spectral camera mounted on a UAV and S2 images were collected to produce yield maps that offer more accurate representation. To calibrate and validate this method, biomass samples were acquired manually before harvesting while erroneous yield data were replaced by remote sensing data. A regression analysis between the ground-truth biomass samples and the filtered yield data had an R2 value equal to 0.84, while the R2 of the biomass with the yield data obtained by the proposed methodology was equal to 0.90

Predictors of Need for Critical Care Support, Adverse Events, and Outcome after Stroke Thrombolysis

Background: Results from trials and international registries exhibit heterogeneity regarding safety, efficacy, markers of prognosis, and markers of the need for critical care support after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for strokes. The purpose of our study was to indentify such markers after performance of comparisons among patients who received thrombolysis in our intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: Our study included 124 patients who received IVT in accordance with international criteria. Outcome measures of univariate and regression analyses resulted from comparisons between groups of patients with or without the need for critical care support (advanced life support and neurocritical care interventions), groups of patients developing or not developing primary adverse events (symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage [SICH] and/or Death and/or Serious systemic bleeding and/or New stroke) and groups of patients with different main outcome variables (mortality, functional independence at 3 months). Results: Our results suggested that higher severity scores (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) correlated with the need for critical care support, primary adverse events, and main outcome variables, whereas older age was significantly associated with fewer adverse events. Hyperlipidemia, symptom-to-needle time, and vascular disease were associated with functional capacity at 3 months, whereas diabetes mellitus and vascular disease correlated with the need for critical care support. Conclusion: Patients' age, hyperlipidemia, presence of vascular disease, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (a novel marker), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at 2 hours and at 7 days are independent predictors of the need for critical care support, adverse events, and clinical outcomes after thrombolysis. © 2018 National Stroke Associatio

Agriculture and digital sustainability: A digitization footprint

The growing availability and capabilities of sensing and communication infrastructures such as monitoring stations, proximal and remote sensing technologies, geolocation systems, and standard communication protocols, along with apparently decreasing costs of the same technologies are pushing widespread collection, implementation, transmission and use of digitized information in agriculture. Such an uncontrolled process poses questions on sustainability of the virtual environment (i.e. a software-based space) where such processes take place. The aim of the present work is to introduce a digitization footprint (DF), which parameterizes the amount of digital information so as to quantify the specific or general use of digital or processing information in terms of volumes, time, efforts or costs invested for data storage, processing or transfer. Such a digitization footprint can be directly related to the availability and suitability of the digital resources in terms of costs (storage, transfer, processing, cloud computing), and speed (processing, upload, download), and can help define pathways for effective and widespread development

Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: the survival benefit of a strategy of coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) added to guideline-directed medical therapy, as compared with medical therapy alone, in patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction remains unclear. METHODS: From July 2002 to May 2007, a total of 1212 patients with an ejection fraction of 35% or less and coronary artery disease amenable to CABG were randomly assigned to undergo CABG plus medical therapy (CABG group, 610 patients) or medical therapy alone (medical-therapy group, 602 patients). The primary outcome was death from any cause. Major secondary outcomes included death from cardiovascular causes and death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes. The median duration of follow-up, including the current extended-follow-up study, was 9.8 years. RESULTS: A primary outcome event occurred in 359 patients (58.9%) in the CABG group and in 398 patients (66.1%) in the medical-therapy group (hazard ratio with CABG vs. medical therapy, 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.97; P=0.02 by log-rank test). A total of 247 patients (40.5%) in the CABG group and 297 patients (49.3%) in the medical-therapy group died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.93; P=0.006 by log-rank test). Death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes occurred in 467 patients (76.6%) in the CABG group and in 524 patients (87.0%) in the medical-therapy group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.82; P<0.001 by log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, the rates of death from any cause, death from cardiovascular causes, and death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes were significantly lower over 10 years among patients who underwent CABG in addition to receiving medical therapy than among those who received medical therapy alone. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; STICH [and STICHES] ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00023595)

Coronary-artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction

<p>BACKGROUND The role of coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure has not been clearly established.</p> <p>METHODS Between July 2002 and May 2007, a total of 1212 patients with an ejection fraction of 35% or less and coronary artery disease amenable to CABG were randomly assigned to medical therapy alone (602 patients) or medical therapy plus CABG (610 patients). The primary outcome was the rate of death from any cause. Major secondary outcomes included the rates of death from cardiovascular causes and of death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes.</p> <p>RESULTS The primary outcome occurred in 244 patients (41%) in the medical-therapy group and 218 (36%) in the CABG group (hazard ratio with CABG, 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.04; P=0.12). A total of 201 patients (33%) in the medical-therapy group and 168 (28%) in the CABG group died from an adjudicated cardiovascular cause (hazard ratio with CABG, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.00; P=0.05). Death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes occurred in 411 patients (68%) in the medical-therapy group and 351 (58%) in the CABG group (hazard ratio with CABG, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.85; P<0.001). By the end of the follow-up period (median, 56 months), 100 patients in the medical-therapy group (17%) underwent CABG, and 555 patients in the CABG group (91%) underwent CABG.</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS In this randomized trial, there was no significant difference between medical therapy alone and medical therapy plus CABG with respect to the primary end point of death from any cause. Patients assigned to CABG, as compared with those assigned to medical therapy alone, had lower rates of death from cardiovascular causes and of death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular causes.</p&gt

Myocardial viability and survival in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction

BACKGROUND: The assessment of myocardial viability has been used to identify patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction in whom coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) will provide a survival benefit. However, the efficacy of this approach is uncertain. METHODS: In a substudy of patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction who were enrolled in a randomized trial of medical therapy with or without CABG, we used single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT), dobutamine echocardiography, or both to assess myocardial viability on the basis of prespecified thresholds. RESULTS: Among the 1212 patients enrolled in the randomized trial, 601 underwent assessment of myocardial viability. Of these patients, we randomly assigned 298 to receive medical therapy plus CABG and 303 to receive medical therapy alone. A total of 178 of 487 patients with viable myocardium (37%) and 58 of 114 patients without viable myocardium (51%) died (hazard ratio for death among patients with viable myocardium, 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48 to 0.86; P=0.003). However, after adjustment for other baseline variables, this association with mortality was not significant (P=0.21). There was no significant interaction between viability status and treatment assignment with respect to mortality (P=0.53). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of viable myocardium was associated with a greater likelihood of survival in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, but this relationship was not significant after adjustment for other baseline variables. The assessment of myocardial viability did not identify patients with a differential survival benefit from CABG, as compared with medical therapy alone. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; STICH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00023595.)