Incorporating Labour Market Frictions into an Optimising-Based Monetary Policy Model

This paper examines the effects of introducing a non Walrasian labour market into the "New Neoclassical Synthesis'' framework. A dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is formulated, solved, and calibrated in order to evaluate its ability to replicate the main features of the Euro area economy. This framework allows us to study the effects of labour market rigidities, nominal rigidities, and other frictions to give account of the impact of monetary policy, technology, public spending, and preference shocks. Our simulations show that: (i) real rigidities complement but do not supplant nominal rigidities, (ii) the Beveridge and Phillips relations are reproduced, (iii) hours worked are too sensitive an adjustment variable, and (iv) the real wage dynamics is still procyclical.DSGE models ; Nominal rigidities ; Real rigidities ; Labour market ; Endogenous persistence ; Euro area

Identification moléculaire des souches de mycobactéries

L’identification moléculaire des souches de mycobactéries disponibles dans notre laboratoire a été réalisée. L’amplification par PCR des gènes de hsp, ARNr16S, espaceurs intergéniques ARNr16S-23S suivie de l’électrophorèse sur gel d’agarose des fragments obtenus avec les oligonucléotides Tb11 et Tb12, 248 et 42, Int16S et Int23S, révèle la constance dans la taille des fragments pour toutes les souches et par paire d’oligonucléotides. Ces résultats sont confirmés par la RFLP qui ne montre pas de différences significatives entre les différentes souches. Dans ce cas la discrimination des souches est difficile, on peut penser qu’il s’agit d’un seul genre. Par contre la taille des fragments obtenus avec les oligonucléotides H49 et H50, GyrAF et GyrAR permet de distinguer trois groupes de souches, les souches 6PY, C-8, C-18, et C-19 forment un premier groupe, les souches BHF004, C-20 et SPYR forment un deuxième groupe, et enfin la souche PYR-1 forme un troisième groupe.Le séquençage et l’alignement multiple avec Clustal des séquences en comparaison d’une part avec Mycobacterium gilvum pour le premier groupe et d’autre part avec Mycobacterium vanbaalenii et Mycobacterium austroafricanum pour le deuxième groupe, confirment par le taux de similarité élevé (99- 100%) cette classification. Un arbre phylogénétique basée sur les séquences partielles du gène hsp65, permet de situer les nouvelles par rapport aux autres mycobactéries .Cela corrobore bien avec nos résultats, tout en confirmant la cohérence de ces trois espèces dans le genre monophylétique Mycobacterium.Mots-clés : mycobactéries, oligonucléotides, amplification par PCR, séquençage, alignement multiple

A large-scale study of a poultry trading network in Bangladesh: implications for control and surveillance of avian influenza viruses

Since its first report in 2007, avian influenza (AI) has been endemic in Bangladesh. While live poultry marketing is widespread throughout the country and known to influence AI dissemination and persistence, trading patterns have not been described. The aim of this study is to assess poultry trading practices and features of the poultry trading networks which could promote AI spread, and their potential implications for disease control and surveillance. Data on poultry trading practices was collected from 849 poultry traders during a cross-sectional survey in 138 live bird markets (LBMs) across 17 different districts of Bangladesh. The quantity and origins of traded poultry were assessed for each poultry type in surveyed LBMs. The network of contacts between farms and LBMs resulting from commercial movements of live poultry was constructed to assess its connectivity and to identify the key premises influencing it

School Delay of Child in Brazzaville (Congo)

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of school delay in school age children and to identify its determinants in Brazzaville. A case-control study, comparing school age children with a school delay (Group 1 or cases) to those who had not school delay (Group 2 or control), was carried out between February and July 2013. It included students of CM2 (primary 6) and those of 3 ème (form 4) of both public and private schools of Brazzaville. The sample selection was made according to a random survey by strata, the number of strata was set to 2. The sample consisted of 2064 pupils including 1138 girls (55.1%). A total of 2064 students (1138 male/926 female), 792 of them had a school delay, with a prevalence of 38.3%. It was 27% in the private sector and 46.9% in the public one; 28.2% in primary education compared to 48.1% in the college; 27.8% in girls and 48.8% in boys (p < 0.001). 21.4% of students in CM2 (primary 6) of the public and 16.7% in the private sector had repeated classes 3 times; 4.2% of students in 3ème (form 4) of the public education had repeated classes 4 times. Kindergarten program attendance had a positive effect on later school performances (p < 0.05). The parent's level of education and socio-economic status of the family (low and mean for students in CM2 of public schools and of 3ème of private schools, high for pupils in CM2 of private schools) and underweight among pupils in CM2 of the private sector were significantly correlated with school delay (p < 0.05). The prevalence of school delay was high in Brazzaville (38.3%), boys were more affected than girls. The kindergarten program attendance was found to have a positive effect on later school performances, while parent's low level of education and low socioeconomic status of the family significantly influenced the rate of school delay in children in Brazzaville. The high prevalence of school delay in child in Brazzaville imposed substantial actions, in addition to the efforts already made. Keywords School Delay, Child, Brazzaville J. R. Mabiala-Babela et al. 42

Regional Disparities and Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms

In China, regional disparities are important. We examine the difference in the sensitivity of investment to cash flow between firms in inland regions and those in coastal regions. By using the financial data of Chinese listed firms, we found that firms in inland regions rely more on their internal funds in terms of their investment activities than those in coastal regions and that the sensitivity gap between inland and coastal firms widened in the recent contractionary monetary policy period. This suggests that firms in inland regions are harder to obtain outside funds due to unfavorable social and economic environments for inland firms. Our findings suggest that capital markets in China respond rationally to the potential impact of regional disparities on a firm’s performance

Aequorin-based measurements of intracellular Ca(2+)-signatures in plant cells

Due to the involvement of calcium as a main second messenger in the plant signaling pathway, increasing interest has been focused on the calcium signatures supposed to be involved in the patterning of the specific response associated to a given stimulus. In order to follow these signatures we described here the practical approach to use the non-invasive method based on the aequorin technology. Besides reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of this method we report on results showing the usefulness of aequorin to study the calcium response to biotic (elicitors) and abiotic stimuli (osmotic shocks) in various compartments of plant cells such as cytosol and nucleus