Goethe e l'antico

Il tema Goethe e l’antico, contrariamente alle aspettative, non è un campo di ricerca molto frequentato dalla germanistica internazionale. Il presente volume, che raccoglie – in gran parte – i contributi tenuti al convegno internazionale svoltosi a Roma nel novembre del 1998, vuole rappresentare un cambio di paradigma nell’approccio al problema, in quanto prende in considerazione l’assieme del conforto di Goethe con l’antico, tanto nei suoi aspetti di teoria dell’arte, quanto nei suoi aspetti poetologici. Prima del 1770 il testo letterario acquisiva la sua autorità dalla tradizione antecedente che costituiva un rapporto con il passato come una catena senza soluzione di continuità. A partire da Goethe il testo non fonda più la sua autorità nei suoi riferimenti ad Omero o a Orazio, ma nella capacità combinatoria dell'autore che è in grado di riformulare i motivi poetici in modo da ricollocarli nel suo tempo e nel contempo di ridefinirne il significato anche rispetto all'antico. Goethe ha preso dall’antico temi, immagini, motivi perchè credeva che essi potessero esprimere letterariamente una serie di situazioni archetipiche in grado di essere recepite in ogni caso. Ma ha anche avuto l’intuizione geniale, e di una sconcertante modernità, di rappresentare tali immagini e tali motivi con un linguaggio adeguato alla capacità recettiva dei sui contemporanei e di costruirli in un contesto artistico adeguato alla comunicazione della sua epoca

Wahrnehmung durch Falsifikation. Festschrift für Werner D. Fröhlich

Bonn H, Glanzmann PG, Hentschel U, et al., eds. Wahrnehmung durch Falsifikation. Festschrift für Werner D. Fröhlich. Wissenschaft durch Forschung. Münster: Neues Literaturkontor; 1996

Goethes Rückblick auf die Antike

Die Beiträge befassen sich nicht nur mit der Verarbeitung antiker Stoffe und analysieren, wie Motive und Sprachbilder aus Werken Homers und Pindars in Goethes eigenen Texten Texten Eingang finden, sondern thematisieren vor allem den durch das Projekt einer allgemeinen Literarisierung intensivierten Autoritätverlust geschriebener Texte. Vor 1770 kam dem geschriebenen Text seine Autorität aus dem vor ihm Geschriebenen zu, das als kontinuierliche Traditionskette den Zusammenhang mit der Vergangenheit stiftete. Seit Goethe erhält den Text seine Autorität nicht mehr, weil er sich auf Horaz oder Homer berufen kann, sondern weil er das Werk eines genialen Schöpfers ist. Goethes pindarische Oden, seine Römischen Elegien, seine Anwerwandlungen des Helena-Mythos oder der eleusinischen Mysterien stellen sich in diesem Kontext als Neu-Schöpfungen eines sich der Tradition der Oralität neu vergewissenden Autors dar

Quarz am Arbeitsplatz

The aim of this report from the Berufsgenossenschaft Institute for Occupational Safety (BIA) is to present summarised information on fine quartz dust. The document is designed as a reference work covering material data, occurrence and applications, rules and regulations, health risks, relevant protective measures and exposure data. The statistical evaluation concentrates on 70,000 measurements recorded by the Berufsgenossenschaften and stored in the BIA MEGA data bank (Measuring Data on Exposure to Hazardous Substances at the Workplace). The data bank covers information from 1972 onwards, when the VC 25 was introduced as the standard piece of measuring equipment for dust. For the purposes of this report, the readings have been broken down into areas of work and four separate time periods (1972 to 1979, 1980 to 1984, 1985 to 1989, and 1990 to 1994), hence providing a log for prevention in each area of work, as well as a retrospective overview of exposure to dust. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: RN 8492(1997,7) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

International round robin tests on the measurement of carbon in diesel exhaust particulates.

OBJECT: Diesel soot has been recognized as probably carcinogenic to humans. Elemental carbon (also called black carbon) in soot is considered at the moment as the most significant surrogate to be measured for assessing the exposure to this pollutant. Its analysis is done by combustion in an oven and determination of the CO2 formed, after elimination of the organic fraction of the soot by heating and/or by solvent extraction. The analysis allows determination of both fractions of the soot: "elemental carbon" (EC) and organic carbon (OC). The sum of EC and OC is called TC (total carbon). METHOD: An informal European coordination group organized two round robin tests on filter samples collected from diluted diesel emissions. The first round (RRT1) was performed on 13 different samples analyzed by ten laboratories. The range of loading was 2.5 to 150 micrograms/cm2 of EC. No evaluation of the precision within laboratories could be made since each laboratory gave only one result per sample. Therefore a second round (RRT2) was organized with two samples and a blank filter sent in several portions to 11 laboratories. It should be stressed that each laboratory used its own method and that no standardization was planned at this stage. RESULTS: Results of RRT1 showed that the coefficient of variation between laboratories decreased with higher loading and was around 10% to 15% for EC above about 20 micrograms/cm2. Dispersion of the results varied and it appeared that the way OC is removed from the soot is probably the most important factor of influence. The correlation between the laboratories was good as a whole but some systematic differences could be detected. Besides the different techniques to remove the organic carbon, the pretreatment of the filter by HCl (either as a vapor or as a solution) to remove the inorganic carbonates (potential interference sources), is probably also a significant factor of influence in the dispersion of the results between laboratories. It is not yet clear from these results whether the "environmental" laboratories give different results from the "occupational" laboratories, but it is clear that their objectives differ since for the "environmentalists", EC is not a specific marker of diesel emmissions, in contrast to the "occupationalists". CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that, although significant differences exist between laboratories they can be attributed mainly to the narrow distribution of the results within a single laboratory, and that the overall agreement of the results for EC and TC is fairly good. These results obtained with pure diesel engine emissions, should be complemented by field samples, but they have already achieved relevant findings in the performance of the procedures used to assess exposure to diesel soot