7,389 research outputs found
Constraining the Randall-Sundrum modulus in the light of recent PVLAS data
Recent PVLAS data put stringent constraints on the measurement of
birefringence and dichroism of electromagnetic waves travelling in a constant
and homogeneous magnetic field. There have been theoretical predictions in
favour of such phenomena when appropriate axion-electromagnetic coupling is
assumed. Origin of such a coupling can be traced in a low energy string action
from the requirement of quantum consistency. The resulting couplings in such
models are an artifact of the compactification of the extra dimensions present
inevitably in a string scenario. The moduli parameters which encode the compact
manifold therefore play a crucial role in determining the axion-photon
coupling. In this work we examine the possible bounds on the value of compact
modulus that emerge from the experimental limits on the coupling obtained from
the PVLAS data. In particular we focus into the Randall-Sundrum (RS) type of
warped geometry model whose modulus parameter is already restricted from the
requirement of the resolution of gauge hierarchy problem in connection with the
mass of the Higgs. We explore the bound on the modulus for a wide range of the
axion mass for both the birefringence and the dichroism data in PVLAS. We show
that the proposed value of the modulus in the RS scenario can only be
accommodated for axion mass \gsim 0.3 eV.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure, LaTex; added references, typos corrected. Minor
changes in the text, a comment added in the Conclusio
Visualization of Single Molecules Building a Viral Capsid Protein Lattice through Stochastic Pathways
Direct visualization of pathways followed by single molecules while they spontaneously self-assemble into supramolecular biological machines may provide fundamental knowledge to guide molecular therapeutics and the bottom-up design of nanomaterials and nanodevices. Here, high-speed atomic force microscopy is used to visualize self-assembly of the bidimensional lattice of protein molecules that constitutes the framework of the mature human immunodeficiency virus capsid. By real-time imaging of the assembly reaction, individual transient intermediates and reaction pathways followed by single molecules could be revealed. As when assembling a jigsaw puzzle, the capsid protein lattice is randomly built. Lattice patches grow independently from separate nucleation events whereby individual molecules follow different paths. Protein subunits can be added individually, while others form oligomers before joining a lattice or are occasionally removed from the latter. Direct real-time imaging of supramolecular self-assembly has revealed a complex, chaotic process involving multiple routes followed by individual molecules that are inaccessible to bulk (averaging) techniques
Phronesis of AI in radiology: Superhuman meets natural stupidity
Advances in AI in the last decade have clearly made economists, politicians,
journalists, and citizenry in general believe that the machines are coming to
take human jobs. We review 'superhuman' AI performance claims in radiology and
then provide a self-reflection on our own work in the area in the form of a
critical review, a tribute of sorts to McDermotts 1976 paper, asking the field
for some self-discipline. Clearly there is an opportunity to replace humans,
but there are better opportunities, as we have discovered to fit cognitive
abilities of human and non-humans. We performed one of the first studies in
radiology to see how human and AI performance can complement and improve each
others performance for detecting pneumonia in chest X-rays. We question if
there is a practical wisdom or phronesis that we need to demonstrate in AI
today as well as in our field. Using this, we articulate what AI as a field has
already and probably can in the future learn from Psychology, Cognitive
Science, Sociology and Science and Technology Studies
Ethical Use of Cereal Legume Intercrop Forages for Feeding of Sheep and Pasture Development
Cereal forages are important in the feeding of livestock for their high energy and dry matter content. However, they are low in protein content and inferior in other nutritional quality than the legume forages. Ruminants required protein as well as energy to maintain their production. Supplementation of protein through concentrates is cost effective in livestock production. Besides, ruminant is unique in having the potential for cycling forage materials, poor quality protein and non protein nitrogen sources into human food supply as meat and milk (Eskandary et al., 2009). Thus, management of forages for livestock feeding either in feedlot or in pasture grazing is the key task of livestock manager to minimize cost in maximization of profit. In agricultural system, intercropping is a crop management system involving two or more crop species grown together for at least part of their productive cycle (Innis, 1997). Cereal legume intercropping system is more productive and profitable cropping system for the supply of balanced nutrients to livestock. Besides, animal welfare committee pointed out that there should not be restriction or prevention of natural innate behaviour including natural foraging or exploratory behaviour of animal. As per this, animals foraging behaviour on feeding and thereby analysis of the system and its application in livestock farming and pasture development as per species of animal became utmost important in forthcoming days of livestock farming. Intercropping of cereals and legumes can boost forage protein of animal’s diet which may be tested for animals choice in foraging will justify the ethics in animal feeding
Ability of unbounded pairs of observers to achieve quantum advantage in random access codes with a single pair of qubits
Complications in preparing and preserving quantum correlations stimulate
recycling of a single quantum resource in information processing and
communication tasks multiple times. Here, we consider a scenario involving
multiple independent pairs of observers acting with unbiased inputs on a single
pair of spatially separated qubits sequentially. In this scenario, we address
whether more than one pair of observers can demonstrate quantum advantage in
some specific and random access codes.
Interestingly, we not only address these in the affirmative, but also
illustrate that unbounded pairs can exhibit quantum advantage. Furthermore,
these results remain valid even when all observers perform suitable projective
measurements and an appropriate separable state is initially shared
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