Meteorological buoy observations from the central Iceland Sea

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120 (2015): 3199–3208, doi:10.1002/2014JD022584.We present the first continuous in situ atmospheric observations from the central Iceland Sea collected from a meteorological buoy deployed for a 2 year period between 23 November 2007 and 21 August 2009. We use these observations to evaluate the ERA-Interim reanalysis product and demonstrate that it represented low-level meteorological fields and surface turbulent fluxes in this region very well. The buoy observations showed that moderate to strong winds were common from any direction, while wind speeds below 5 ms−1 were relatively rare. The observed low-level air temperature and surface heat fluxes were related to the wind direction with cold-air outbreaks most common from the northwest. Mean wintertime turbulent heat fluxes were modest (<60 Wm−2), but the range was substantial. High heat flux events, greater than 200 Wm−2, typically occurred every 1–2 weeks in the winter, with each event lasting on average 2.5 days with an average total turbulent heat flux of ∼200 Wm−2 out of the ocean. The most pronounced high heat flux events over the central Iceland Sea were associated with cold-air outbreaks from the north and west forced by a deep Lofoten Low over the Norwegian Sea.This work was funded in part by the Ocean and Climate Change Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and NSF grant OCE-1433958.2015-10-2

Thoughts On Education And Culture: An Interview With Russell And Annette Kirk

We must constantly remind ourselves that the true ends of education are wisdom and virtue. Self control and personal restraint are virtues that need to be nurtured in our modern culture

Families, Metaphysical Dreams, and Villages

Neither Sen. Dole nor President Clinton were speaking of either families or villages

Analysis of Pressure and Flow Transients in Systems with Heat Additions

The occurrence of pressure and flow fluctuations in fluid flow systems with heat addition has been noted in many isolated instances. Under certain conditions of local boiling, which includes a boiling-like mechanism at super-critical pressures, intense sounds and mechanical vibrations can be generated. A mechanism for these fluctuations is derived based on fundamental considerations. A large change in density with enthalpy, such as occurs at a liquid to vapor phase change point or in the super-critical region, will.introduce a flow transient. Changes in the frictional resistance to flow can also initiate a transient condition

Educational Considerations, vol. 24 (2) Full Issue

Educational Considerations, vol. 24 (2) Spring 1997 - Full issu

Exploring the practical knowledge of eccentric resistance training in high-performance strength and conditioning practitioners

Habitual use of eccentric exercise has been recognised to increase strength and power; however, the current body of knowledge has limited potential to understand the application of such resistance training in athletic populations. In order to develop appropriate applied research, that relates to elite athletic populations, it is vital to appreciate the practical knowledge of strength and conditioning practitioners operating in high-performance environments. This study summarised the questionnaire responses from 100 strength and conditioning practitioners operating in performance sport relating to questions such as the training effects to various eccentric resistance training regimes, the rationale for the use of these techniques and the knowledge supporting its application. The combination of closed and open-ended questions enabled a thematic analysis to be conducted. There was evidence that practitioners employed a variety of eccentric training methodologies; however, there was interest in gaining greater understanding of the training dose to bring about the optimal adaptive changes, and importantly how this might translate to sport-specific performance. In addition, practitioners would welcome recommendations associated with eccentric training, whilst concurrently minimising the issues of excessive fatigue, muscle damage and soreness. The training effects of interest included neural, architectural and morphological adaptations and, importantly, translation to performance of sports-specific skills. Collectively, these responses called for more practically relevant research to be conducted within the high-performance environment, alongside more opportunities for professional development through learning and knowledge-sharing opportunities. The outcomes summarised in this work should inform future applied research projects and educational content relating to eccentric training

Foreword

This issue deals with some of the broad foundational issues that effective school administrators must think about but often do not find the time to consider

Table of contents and editorial information for Vol. 24, no. 2, Spring 1997

Table of contents and editorial information for Vol. 24, no. 2, Spring 1997, Educational Considerations: theme issue Social Foundations and Philosophy of Education

Guest Editor\u27s Foreword

Almost five years ago we at Educational Considerations had an issue largely devoted to the social and philosophical foundations of education