Providing value to a business using a lightweight design system to support knowledge reuse by designers

This paper describes an alternative approach to knowledge based systems in engineering than traditional geometry or explicit knowledge focused systems. Past systems have supported product optimisation rather than creative solutions and provide little benefit to businesses for bespoke and low volume products or products which do not benefit from optimisation. The approach here addresses this by supporting the creativity of designers through codified tacit knowledge and encouraging knowledge reuse for bespoke product development, in particular for small to medium sized enterprises. The implementation and evaluation of the approach is described within a company producing bespoke fixtures and tooling in shorter than average lead times. The active support of knowledge management in the company is intended to add value to the business by further reducing the lead times of the designs and creating a positive impact to business processes. The evaluation demonstrates a viable alternative framework to the traditional management of knowledge in engineering, which could be implemented by other small to medium enterprises

Numerical simulation of flow over a rough bed

This paper presents results of a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent flow over the rough bed of an open channel. We consider a hexagonal arrangement of spheres on the channel bed. The depth of flow has been taken as four times the diameter of the spheres and the Reynolds number has been chosen so that the roughness Reynolds number is greater than 70, thus ensuring a fully rough flow. A parallel code based on finite difference, domain decomposition, and multigrid methods has been used for the DNS. Computed results are compared with available experimental data. We report the first- and second-order statistics, variation of lift/drag and exchange coefficients. Good agreement with experimental results is seen for the mean velocity, turbulence intensities, and Reynolds stress. Further, the DNS results provide accurate quantitative statistics for rough bed flow. Detailed analysis of the DNS data confirms the streaky nature of the flow near the effective bed and the existence of a hierarchy of vortices aligned with the streamwise direction, and supports the wall similarity hypothesis. The computed exchange coefficients indicate a large degree of mixing between the fluid trapped below the midplane of the roughness elements and that above it

A treatise on pulmonary tuberculosis: in its pathological, clinical, and sociological aspects

In the following pages, I have attempted the presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis, in its pathological, clinical, and sociological aspects. Such a work is naturally largely influenced by the teaching of undergraduate days, particularly by that of Professor Wyllie, Professor Hamilton, Dr Philip and Dr Gm A. Gibson, whose teaching I have followed and in places reproduced. Such a treatise must also be reflective of the literature perused, and. as the author has been mostly in contact with French writings, it has the interest of showing the opinions of the modern French School. There is also given the results of two pieces of clinical research; on the action of Tuberculin T.R.in'phthisis, and on the trial of sulphur as a curative agent

A Study of the N=2N=2 Kazakov-Migdal Model

We study numerically the SU(2) Kazakov-Migdal model of `induced QCD'. In contrast to our earlier work on the subject we have chosen here {\it not} to integrate out the gauge fields but to keep them in the Monte Carlo simulation. This allows us to measure observables associated with the gauge fields and thereby address the problem of the local $Z_2$ symmetry present in the model. We confirm our previous result that the model has a line of first order phase transitions terminating in a critical point. The adjoint plaquette has a clear discontinuity across the phase transition, whereas the plaquette in the fundamental representation is always zero in accordance with Elitzur's theorem. The density of small $Z_2$ monopoles shows very little variation and is always large. We also find that the model has extra local U(1) symmetries which do not exist in the case of the standard adjoint theory. As a result, we are able to show that two of the angles parameterizing the gauge field completely decouple from the theory and the continuum limit defined around the critical point can therefore not be `QCD'.Comment: 11 pages, UTHEP-24

Induced QCD and Hidden Local ZN Symmetry

We show that a lattice model for induced lattice QCD which was recently proposed by Kazakov and Migdal has a $Z_N$ gauge symmetry which, in the strong coupling phase, results in a local confinement where only color singlets are allowed to propagate along links and all Wilson loops for non-singlets average to zero. We argue that, if this model is to give QCD in its continuum limit, it must have a phase transition. We give arguments to support presence of such a phase transition

Abnormal connectivity between the default mode and the visual system underlies the manifestation of visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease:A task-based fMRI study

Background: The neural substrates of visual hallucinations remain an enigma, due primarily to the difficulties associated with directly interrogating the brain during hallucinatory episodes. Aims: To delineate the functional patterns of brain network activity and connectivity underlying visual hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease. Methods: In this study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a behavioral task capable of eliciting visual misperceptions, a confirmed surrogate for visual hallucinations, in 35 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. We then applied an independent component analysis to extract time series information for large-scale neuronal networks that have been previously implicated in the pathophysiology of visual hallucinations. These data were subjected to a task-based functional connectivity analysis, thus providing the first objective description of the neural activity and connectivity during visual hallucinations in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Results: Correct performance of the task was associated with increased activity in primary visual regions; however, during visual misperceptions, this same visual network became actively coupled with the default mode network (DMN). Further, the frequency of misperception errors on the task was positively correlated with the strength of connectivity between these two systems, as well as with decreased activity in the dorsal attention network (DAN), and with impaired connectivity between the DAN and the DMNs, and ventral attention networks. Finally, each of the network abnormalities identified in our analysis were significantly correlated with two independent clinical measures of hallucination severity. Conclusions: Together, these results provide evidence that visual hallucinations are due to increased engagement of the DMN with the primary visual system, and emphasize the role of dysfunctional engagement of attentional networks in the pathophysiology of hallucinations

Putting pharmaceuticals into the wider context of challenges to fish populations in rivers

The natural range of fish species in our rivers is related to flow, elevation, temperature, local habitat and connectivity. For over 2000 years, humans have altered to varying degrees the river habitat. In the past 200 years, we added to the environmental disruption by discharging poorly treated sewage, nutrients and industrial waste into our rivers. For many rivers, the low point arrived during the period of 1950s–1970s, when rapid economic development overrode environmental concerns and dissolved oxygen concentrations dropped to zero. In these more enlightened times, gross river pollution is a thing of the past in the Developed World. However, persistent legacy chemical contaminants can be found in fish long after their discharge ceased. Changes in habitat quality and morphology caused and continue to cause the disappearance of fish species. The range of fish stressors has now increased as temperatures rise, and non-native fish introductions bring new diseases. The threat from pharmaceuticals to fish populations remains hypothetical, and no studies have yet linked change in fish populations to exposure