Produksi Hidrolisat Keratin dari Bulu Domba Limbah Industri Penyamakan Kulit Menggunakan Kombinasi Basa dan Enzim

Limbah buang bulu yang dihasilkan pada proses penyamakan kulit menimbulkan permasalahan dalam penanganannya karena limbah ini tidak dapat segera terdegradasi. Struktur utama bulu berupa protein keratin. Protein keratin dapat dihidrolisis untuk menghasilkan hidrolisat keratin yang dapat dimanfaatkan diantaranya untuk bahan kosmetik. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi enzim terhadap kadar protein, kadar air, kadar sulfur, dan gugus fungsi FTIR. Bahan bulu yang digunakan adalah bulu domba limbah unhairing konvensional. Hidrolisis dilakukan dalam 2 tahap, yaitu basa dan enzimatis. Bulu domba dihidrolisis menggunakan larutan basa 0,5 M NaOH selama 24 jam dilanjutkan dengan hidrolisis menggunakan enzim protease dengan konsentrasi 0, 2, 4, 6, 8% dan waktu 18 jam. Kadar protein keratin tertinggi pada konsentrasi enzim protease 8% dan paling rendah pada konsentrasi enzim 6%. Gugus fungsi FTIR tidak berbeda nyata pada tiap konsentrasi enzim

Sheep Wool-derived Hydrolyzed Keratin From Tannery Waste of the Tanning Industry Using Perhydrol

Sheep wool waste discharged from leather tanning industry recently has posed a problem in relation to its treatment because of its sizeable quantity and its difficulty to degrade. Wool is composed mainly of keratin. It is a protein with a high content of disulfide bonds which cause the protein keratin cannot dissolve in water and resist of diluted acids and alkalis. Keratin can be hydrolyzed to produce keratin hydrolysates which have many benefits such as for cosmetic additives. Research into the use of waste wool of sheep originated from the sheep leather tanning industry had been performed by using a hydrolyzed system to produce protein keratin. The waste wool used came from unhairing by painting and conventional unhairing. Hydrolysis was done using hydrogen peroxide 50% amounting to 70 ml for every 40 gr of wool. Hydrogen peroxide was added to wool immersed in the 0.5 M NaOH solution for three hours. The length of hydrolysis ranged from 4, 5, to 6 hours and the mix was stirred shortly every 1 hour followed by filtration using a coarse sieve. To precipitate the hydrolyzed keratin, the pH was decreased to 4-5 using the 2 M HCl solution and after separation of the precipitation, it was dried in the oven at a temperature not more than 50 oC for 2 days. The research findings showed that a maximum of 69.19% of keratin hydrolysates was generated using the raw material of waste wool through a conventional process with a total of hydrolysis time by 6 hours, whereas the maximum protein generated was 66.99% using waste wool through a conventional process with a total of hydrolysis time by 4 hours. The FTIR test showed the presence of groups of amides, cysteic acids, and cystine-S-monoxide

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit untuk Agensia Peminyakan pada Penyamakan Kulit

Fungsi minyak pada proses peminyakan kulit untuk menjaga agar serat kulit tetap terpisah selama proses pengeringan dan untuk mengurangi gaya gesekan dalam tenunan serat, sehingga kulit menjadi fleksibel. Tujuan penelitian untuk mensintesis minyak kelapa sawit menjadi minyak sulfat melalui proses sulfatasi dan karakterisasi minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak sulfat yang dihasilkan dari proses sulfatasi. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi sintesis minyak kelapa sawit menggunakan 25% H2SO4 selama 3 jam, suhu <20ºC, kecepatan 300 rpm. Hasil karakterisasi minyak kelapa sawit menunjukkan angka Iodin 49,95 mg I2/minyak; asam lemak bebas 0,05%; kadar air 0,18%; angka peroksida 16,23 mg/kg; angka asam 0,19 mg KOH/gr. Asam lemak jenuh yang dominan adalah metil palmitat dan metil butirat, sedangkan asam lemak tidak jenuh yang dominan cis-9-oleic methyl ester dan metil linoleat. Minyak sulfat yang dihasilkan mempunyai kadar air 6,47%; pH 8; kadar minyak 81,28%; total alkalinitas 0,25%, angka penyabunan 192,74%; kadar abu 2,77% dan kadar SO3 terikat 7,68%. Hasil uji kekuatan tarik kulit tersamak adalah 286,50 kg/cm2 dan kemuluran 63,33%

Application of Tegeran (Maclura Cochinchinensis) Bark as Natural Tanning Agent for the Quality of Tilapia Fish Skin

Chrome is a tanning material that is very harmful to the environment hence its role is being replaced with vegetable tanning materials. One of the natural ingredients that contain tannin is Tegeran (M. cochinchinensis) wood. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of M. cochinchinensis as natural tanning agent for tilapia fish skin. Tannin contained in the M. cochinchinensis was being extracted using three solvents: water, ethanol, and water-ethanol (1:1). The composition of the material and the solvent was 1:4. It was heated in the waterbath at temperature 70 °C for 3 hours. The results showed that the use of M. cochinchinensis as natural tanning agent could at once gave unique color to the tanned fish skin. The average of shrinkage temperature was 78.11°C. Leather tanned with M. cochinchinensis that was extracted with water showed higher value of tensile strength and tear strength than those with ethanol and water-ethanol

Pengaruh Perbedaan Jumlah Penambahan Binder Uretan dan Berbagai Motif Embossing terhadap Kualitas Kulit Reject

Rejected tanned leather is tanned lether product with damages of more than 30% of its total surface area, but can be improved by embossing. Embossing is the provision of patterns that influences the properties of articles and contributes to the closure of the defects on the surface of leather. This study aims to determine the influence of urethane binder and embossing motives to the quality of rejected leather for shoe upper applications. Variables investigated were urethane binder composition (100, 150, and 200 part in 1000 part of base coat) and embossing motives (crocodile, ostrich, shark fish, and milled motive). The quality of the leather was then tested in terms of organoleptic properties (feel, flexibility, visual appearance), mechanical properties (tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, rub Fastness (dry, wet), adhesive strength of cover paint (dry, wet), and flexing resistance), physical properties (WVP and WVA), as well as morphology (SEM). The results showed that the addition of urethane binder and embossing patterns affect the quality of shoe upper leather, i.e. in general covering the leather defects and increasing the visual appearance (organoleptic properties), and changing the collagen network structure (based on SEM test). Visually preferred skin is skin with the addition of 200 parts of the urethane binder and crocodile patterned leather