797 research outputs found
Improving the Accuracy and Scope of Control-Oriented Vapor Compression Cycle System Models
The benefits of applying advanced control techniques to vapor compression cycle systems are well know.
The main advantages are improved performance and efficiency, the achievement of which brings both economic and
environmental gains. One of the most significant hurdles to the practical application of advanced control techniques
is the development of a dynamic system level model that is both accurate and mathematically tractable. Previous
efforts in control-oriented modeling have produced a class of heat exchanger models known as moving-boundary
models. When combined with mass flow device models, these moving-boundary models provide an excellent
framework for both dynamic analysis and control design. This thesis contains the results of research carried out to
increase both the accuracy and scope of these system level models.
The improvements to the existing vapor compression cycle models are carried out through the application
of various modeling techniques, some static and some dynamic, some data-based and some physics-based. Semiempirical
static modeling techniques are used to increase the accuracy of both heat exchangers and mass flow
devices over a wide range of operating conditions. Dynamic modeling techniques are used both to derive new
component models that are essential to the simulation of very common vapor compression cycle systems and to
improve the accuracy of the existing compressor model. A new heat exchanger model that accounts for the effects
of moisture in the air is presented. All of these model improvements and additions are unified to create a simple but
accurate system level model with a wide range of application. Extensive model validation results are presented,
providing both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the new models and model improvements.Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Project 17
Wealth redistribution with finite resources
We present a simplified model for the exploitation of finite resources by
interacting agents, where each agent receives a random fraction of the
available resources. An extremal dynamics ensures that the poorest agent has a
chance to change its economic welfare. After a long transient, the system
self-organizes into a critical state that maximizes the average performance of
each participant. Our model exhibits a new kind of wealth condensation, where
very few extremely rich agents are stable in time and the rest stays in the
middle class.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX 4 styl
Integrated assurance assessment of a reconfigurable digital flight control system
The integrated application of reliability, failure effects and system simulator methods in establishing the airworthiness of a flight critical digital flight control system (DFCS) is demonstrated. The emphasis was on the mutual reinforcement of the methods in demonstrating the system safety
Self-Organized Criticality Driven by Deterministic Rules
We have investigated the essential ingredients allowing a system to show Self
Organized Criticality (SOC) in its collective behavior. Using the Bak-Sneppen
model of biological evolution as our paradigm, we show that the random
microscopic rules of update can be effectively substituted with a chaotic map
without changing the universality class. Using periodic maps SOC is preserved,
but in a different universality class, as long as the spectrum of frequencies
is broad enough.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex (tar.gz), 4 eps-figures include
Evolutionary dynamics of the most populated genotype on rugged fitness landscapes
We consider an asexual population evolving on rugged fitness landscapes which
are defined on the multi-dimensional genotypic space and have many local
optima. We track the most populated genotype as it changes when the population
jumps from a fitness peak to a better one during the process of adaptation.
This is done using the dynamics of the shell model which is a simplified
version of the quasispecies model for infinite populations and standard
Wright-Fisher dynamics for large finite populations. We show that the
population fraction of a genotype obtained within the quasispecies model and
the shell model match for fit genotypes and at short times, but the dynamics of
the two models are identical for questions related to the most populated
genotype. We calculate exactly several properties of the jumps in infinite
populations some of which were obtained numerically in previous works. We also
present our preliminary simulation results for finite populations. In
particular, we measure the jump distribution in time and find that it decays as
as in the quasispecies problem.Comment: Minor changes. To appear in Phys Rev
Self-organized criticality in deterministic systems with disorder
Using the Bak-Sneppen model of biological evolution as our paradigm, we
investigate in which cases noise can be substituted with a deterministic signal
without destroying Self-Organized Criticality (SOC). If the deterministic
signal is chaotic the universality class is preserved; some non-universal
features, such as the threshold, depend on the time correlation of the signal.
We also show that, if the signal introduced is periodic, SOC is preserved but
in a different universality class, as long as the spectrum of frequencies is
broad enough.Comment: RevTex, 8 pages, 8 figure
Isolated Gust Generation for the Investigation of Airfoil-Gust Interaction
As part of an effort to examine the impact of vortical gusts on airfoils, a simple gust
generator has been built and investigated. This consists of a heaving
at plate capable of
following a specifed transverse trajectory across a water tunnel. The relationship between
the trajectory and the properties of the gusts that are shed downstream is characterized
for non-periodic heaving motion described by Eldredge's smooth motion equation. PIV
experiments show that the circulation of the vortical gust is proportional to the heaving
speed of the plate. Tests with a downstream NACA 0018 airfoil demonstrate repeatable
forces in response to the produced gusts
Evolutionary trajectories in rugged fitness landscapes
We consider the evolutionary trajectories traced out by an infinite
population undergoing mutation-selection dynamics in static, uncorrelated
random fitness landscapes. Starting from the population that consists of a
single genotype, the most populated genotype \textit{jumps} from a local
fitness maximum to another and eventually reaches the global maximum. We use a
strong selection limit, which reduces the dynamics beyond the first time step
to the competition between independent mutant subpopulations, to study the
dynamics of this model and of a simpler one-dimensional model which ignores the
geometry of the sequence space. We find that the fit genotypes that appear
along a trajectory are a subset of suitably defined fitness \textit{records},
and exploit several results from the record theory for non-identically
distributed random variables. The genotypes that contribute to the trajectory
are those records that are not \textit{bypassed} by superior records arising
further away from the initial population. Several conjectures concerning the
statistics of bypassing are extracted from numerical simulations. In
particular, for the one-dimensional model, we propose a simple relation between
the bypassing probability and the dynamic exponent which describes the scaling
of the typical evolution time with genome size. The latter can be determined
exactly in terms of the extremal properties of the fitness distribution.Comment: Figures in color; minor revisions in tex
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