Structural context of the Flatreef in the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex

The Flatreef occurs at a depth of 700 m under the farm Turfspruit 241 KR in the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex. The Flatreef forms part of the Platreef of the Northern Limb, which contains magmatic rocks of the Rustenburg Layered Suite of the Bushveld Complex. The structure of the Flatreef is a flat-lying to gently westerly dipping monoclinal to open fold, 1 km wide and 6 km long. Distinctive features within the Flatreef include the development of cyclical magmatic layering with locally thickened pyroxenitic layers, and associated economically significant poly-metallic mineralisation. Geophysical evidence, exploration drill core, and recent underground exposure show that deformation had a major influence on the Flatreef mineralization. Block faulting and first generation folding affected the orientation and shape of the sedimentary host-rock sequence prior to intrusion of the Rustenburg Layered Suite. These structural and host-rock elements controlled the intrusion of the Lower Zone, and to a lesser degree, the Critical Zone correlatives of the Bushveld Complex in the Northern Limb. During intrusion reverse faults and shear zones and a second generation of folds were active, as well as local extension along layering. Syn-magmatic deformation on these structures led to laterally extensive stratal thickening across them, including the Merensky-Reef correlative that forms part of the Flatreef. This deformation was likely to have been driven by subsidence of the Bushveld complex. Many of these structures were intruded by granitic magmas during the late stages of intrusion, and they were reactivated during extension after intrusion. Thus, structures were active before, during and after the intrusion of Northern Limb, and the structural evolution determined the current geometry and mineral endowment of the Flatreef

Automatic Classification of National Health Service Feedback

Text datasets come in an abundance of shapes, sizes and styles. However, determining what factors limit classification accuracy remains a difficult task which is still the subject of intensive research. Using a challenging UK National Health Service (NHS) dataset, which contains many characteristics known to increase the complexity of classification, we propose an innovative classification pipeline. This pipeline switches between different text pre-processing, scoring and classification techniques during execution. Using this flexible pipeline, a high level of accuracy has been achieved in the classification of a range of datasets, attaining a micro-averaged F1 score of 93.30% on the Reuters-21578 “ApteMod” corpus. An evaluation of this flexible pipeline was carried out using a variety of complex datasets compared against an unsupervised clustering approach. The paper describes how classification accuracy is impacted by an unbalanced category distribution, the rare use of generic terms and the subjective nature of manual human classification.</jats:p

Parallel plumbing systems feeding a pair of coeval volcanoes in eastern Australia

Eastern Australia hosts a long track of Cenozoic age-progressive volcanoes, mostly alkaline in composition. Of these, Warrumbungle and Comboyne are coeval and occur at the same latitude (31 degrees S), but they are similar to 300 km apart, on either side of the Great Dividing Range. The lavas from both volcanoes often contain complex crystal assemblages, including plagioclase, olivine and clinopyroxene, which permit a comparative study of pre-eruptive magma histories in a large, complex, continental setting. Here we combine mineral and whole-rock geochemistry with Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology to temporally constrain the processes operating in the magma plumbing systems. Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology indicates that volcanic activity took place for similar to 3 Myr, in two separate stages. The first stage (18-17.5 Ma) is evident only at the larger Warrumbungle volcano. In Stage 2 (similar to 17-15.5 Ma) the two volcanoes were active contemporaneously. The dominantly porphyritic and relatively evolved (MgO from 7.25 to 0.39 wt %) nature of the lavas suggests that the magmas stalled and differentiated in the crust prior to eruption. At the Warrumbungle volcano, Stage 1 magmas fractionated olivine and minor clinopyroxene and subsequently differentiated during ascent. The crystal cargo in Stage 2 magmas at the Warrumbungle volcano became increasingly more complex with time and the samples have been divided into two subgroups, according to age and petrological variation. Stage 2.1 magmas sampled olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase mushes at Moho depths of similar to 41 km. Disequilibrium textures in plagioclase and clinopyroxene macrocrysts indicate differences in composition between the mush and the ascending magmas. Stage 2.2 magmas, by contrast, carried a combination of antecrysts and phenocrysts. Clinopyroxene antecrysts show strong disequilibrium textures and are reversely zoned. In plagioclase, anorthite contents increase close to the rim of the crystals, to levels (An(60-55)) similar to those found at the core of primitive, normally zoned, euhedral antecrysts (An(53-50)). At the Comboyne volcano mineral phases have a similar complexity to those of Stage 2.2 at the Warrumbungle volcano, with disequilibrium textures and reversely zoned antecrysts providing evidence of magma mixing, only lacking the primitive, normally zoned, euhedral plagioclase crystals. The complex crystal assemblage evident in Stage 2.2 lavas at the Warrumbungle volcano and throughout Stage 2 at the Comboyne volcano indicates a coeval rejuvenation of evolving crystal-melt mushes with the intrusion of more primitive, hotter, and crystal rich or -poor magmas shortly before eruption. Forward modelling using Rhyolite-MELTS replicates the composition of melts and fractionated minerals along a polybaric fractional crystallization path at depths from 24 to 7 km at the Warrumbungle volcano and from 15 to 7 km at Comboyne, supported by barometry estimates on clinopyroxene crystals. This study has identified that the two temporally associated, but spatially discrete, continental alkaline volcanoes were fed by parallel plumbing systems, which become more complex throughout the life of the volcanoes. Multiple mush zones, in which magmas stagnated and fractionated, were periodically replenished with more primitive magmas, triggering eruptions intermittently over a protracted period of similar to 3 Myr

Combination fixed-dose beta agonist and steroid inhaler as required for adults or children with mild asthma

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single combined (long‐ or short‐acting beta₂ agonist plus an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)) inhaler only used as needed in people with mild asthma

Scintilla: A New International Platform for the Development, Evaluation and Benchmarking of Technologies to Detect Radioactive and Nuclear Material

For Homeland Security, enhanced detection and identification of radioactive sources and nuclear material has become of increasing importance. The scintilla project aims at minimizing the risk of radioactive sources dissemination especially with masked and shielded material. SCINTILLA offers the capacity to finding a reliable alternative to Helium-3 based detection systems since the gas which is predominantly used in nuclear safeguards and security applications has now become very expensive, rare and nearly unavailable. SCINTILLA benchmarks will be based on international standards. Radiation Portal testing being carried out at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra (Italy).JRC.E.8-Nuclear securit

Scintilla: A new international platform for the development, evaluation and benchmarking of technologies to detect radioactive and nuclear material

Conference of 2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications, ANIMMA 2013 ; Conference Code:102802International audienceFor Homeland Security, enhanced detection and identification of radioactive sources and nuclear material has become of increasing importance. The scintilla project aims at minimizing the risk of radioactive sources dissemination especially with masked and shielded material. SCINTILLA offers the capacity to finding a reliable alternative to Helium-3 based detection systems since the gas which is predominantly used in nuclear safeguards and security applications has now become very expensive, rare and nearly unavailable. SCINTILLA benchmarks will be based on international standards. Radiation Portal testing being carried out at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra (Italy)

Scintilla European project, the successful research results

Conference of 4th International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation Measurement Methods and their Applications, ANIMMA 2015 ; Conference Code:121554International audienceThe Scintilla FP7 project is ended in December 2014, the fruitful results of 3 years development and tests will be presented. SCINTILLA offers the capacity to finding a reliable alternative to Helium-3 based detection systems since the gas which is predominantly used in nuclear safeguards and security applications has now become very expensive, rare and nearly unavailable. SCINTILLA benchmarks results are based on international standards. Radiation Portal tests were carried out at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in Ispra (Italy). The scintilla project addresses few main issues. The first is to develop neutron detectors for Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM) and the second is the need of new wearable integrated solutions for Spectrometric Personal Radiation Monitor (SPRM). The partners which provide technical systems of the scintilla project are INFN-ANSALDO, CEA, SYMETRICA and SAPHYMO. For RPM, the objective is to find reliable alternatives to Helium-3 historical neutron detector and provide technical solutions which cope with tests for reliable mobile and cost effective. For Spectrometric Personal Radiation Monitor (SPRM), SCINTILLA is innovating in technology areas that offer complementary capabilities for detecting and identifying gamma Two CZT (Cadmium Zinc Telluride) addressing contexts of used by first responder technologies, one is a wearable detector and the second is a gamma camera complemented by advanced image processing technologies