Lessons Learned from Two Neighbors: How Educators Teach of United States Policies

This study provides an analysis of data collected from Chihuahua, Mexico, and Ontario, Canada, educators on how United States (U. S.) policies are taught and discussed in their classrooms. Teachers and administrators were interviewed with regard to their respective curricula and classroom discussions. The researcher sought to gain insight on how historical and current U. S. policies are addressed. Participants responded to questions regarding how much time was devoted to U. S. policies in classroom discussions, how much open discourse exists in classrooms, what ideological differences are evident, and why Americans should be informed of perspectives in another country’s social studies classrooms. The researcher uses border pedagogy and meliorism to analyze  how educators present geographic, historic, socioeconomic, and political issues as they relate to U. S. classrooms. Addressed are implications for integrating perspectives in U. S. classroom discussions and, in turn, broadening the social studies curriculum in American schools. Moreover, this study seeks to provide additional insight for those who educate on common issues in U. S. classrooms

Using sports infrastructure to deliver economic and social change: Lessons for London beyond 2012

Over the last two decades, there has been a new trend emerging within sport, which has seen a shift, from investment for the sake of sport, to investment in sport for good (Sport England, 2008). In the context of the latter approach, there has been an emergence of the use of sport to address regeneration objectives, largely stemming from the belief of government and other sporting and non-sporting organizations, that it can confer a wide range of economic and social benefits to individuals and communities beyond those of a purely physical sporting nature, and can contribute positively to the revitalization of declining urban areas (BURA, 2003). This commentary will examine regeneration legacy in the context of the London Olympic Games. In particular, it will focus on the use of sports stadia as a tool for delivering economic and social change, and by drawing upon previous examples, suggest lessons London can learn to enhance regeneration legacies beyond 2012

Educational Change and Challenges: Constructivist, Collaborative Ideals in Teacher Preparation

The following study details the collaboration of a university’s secondary education faculty on the United States and Mexico border. Calls for improved test scores, better preparation and retention of teachers, and improved graduation rates of teacher candidates were imminent concerns. The faculty responded to these demands by developing an integrated teacher preparation program based on shared activities, readings, technology, electronic journals, and shared epistemological values. The context for the reform efforts included a consideration for learning theory. Furthermore, secondary education faculty facilitated constructivist, collaborative pedagogies as integral to teacher preparation. A new focus was placed on learner-centered praxis rather than on teacher-centered performance. This article presents the transformative process of teacher preparation from the perspective of two participant professors

Transnational educational research in four countries: Promoting Critical border praxis

This research took place in the following four countries: Malaysia, Mexico, Canada, and the United States (US). Educators in each country reported on how they addressed US international policies in their respective curricula. Critical border praxis emerged as a theoreticalconstructasaresultofthesetransnationalstudies.Criticalborderpraxisprovides a contemplation of the intersection of place-based and border pedagogies, as well as how pedagogies are central to understanding one’s own situated-ness. The findings of this study includerecommendationsforadditionalin-depthdiscussionsofinternationalpoliciesinthe US social studies curriculum. Implications for educators elsewhere are alsoarticulated

Combined stable-isotope and fatty-acid analyses demonstrate that large wood increases the autochthonous trophic base of a macroinvertebrate assemblage

This research was carried out within the Erasmus Mundus Doctorate Program SMART (http://www.riverscience.eu) funded by the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) of the European commission

COST-S: a new methodology and tools for sewerage asset management based on whole life costs

This is the final version of the article. Freely available from IWA Publishing via the link in this record.This paper discusses the development of a methodology and software tools aimed at assisting management decisions in order to provide acceptable performance at a minimum cost over the whole life of the sewerage system. Whole Life Costing (WLC) approaches have been shown to offer an ideal platform to provide investment and operational management tools that take account of the timing of interventions, system behaviour and performance all within a sensible economic and engineering framework. The need for such a methodology and the requirements for its useful implementation are introduced first. The paper then describes how research collaboration between the UK Water Industry and two UK research centres (Centre for Water Systems at Exeter University and Pennine Water Group at Universities of Sheffield and Bradford), and supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council grant, resulted in an innovative, practical and auditable methodology with associated tools for better proactive management of ageing and rapidly deteriorating sewerage systems.The authors would like to acknowledge the generous support of EPSRC (Project No.GR/M16122/01 and GR/R98617/01) as well as that of the industrial collaborators;AWG, Northumbrian Water,Thames Water Services,United Utilities and Yorkshire Water Services

Subdivision surfaces with creases and truncated multiple knot lines

We deal with subdivision schemes based on arbitrary degree B-splines. We focus on extraordinary knots which exhibit various levels of complexity in terms of both valency and multiplicity of knot lines emanating from such knots. The purpose of truncated multiple knot lines is to model creases which fair out. Our construction supports any degree and any knot line multiplicity and provides a modelling framework familiar to users used to B-splines and NURBS systems

Enantiomeric oxidation of organic sulfides by the filamentous fungi Botrytis cinerea, Eutypa lata and Trichoderma viride

The biotransformations of a series of substituted sulfides were carried out with the filamentous fungi Botrytis cinerea, Eutypa lata and Trichoderma viride. Several products underwent microbial oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide with medium to high enantiomeric purity. With regard to sulfoxide enantioselectivity, the (R)-enantiomer was favoured in biotransformations by T. viride and E. lata while the (S)-enantiomer was favoured in those by B. cinerea. A minor amount of sulfone product was also obtained

Petrologic monitoring at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala

Paroxysmal activity represents an end-member in the common range of activity at mafic arc volcanoes, characterised by rapid transitions across the effusive-explosive interface and thus posing significant challenges to hazard assessment. Conceptual models to explain changes in the frequency and magnitude of these paroxysmal events are based either on magma recharge or an increase in gas flux, largely framed in the context of two-phase flow. Gas- and magma-driven models are both viable mechanisms to explain the varying styles of paroxysmal behaviour observed in mafic systems; however, each has different implications for future activity. We present time series petrologic data for ash and lava samples collected at Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala, during paroxysmal eruptions between 2011 and 2018. We show that a step-change in glass composition occurred between 2015 and 2016, reflecting an increase in magma temperature and a reduction in pre-eruptive crystallisation, concurrent with an escalation in the frequency of paroxysmal activity. There was no change in the bulk or phase compositions during this period. To explain these observations, we propose that the increase in frequency of paroxysmal eruptions is modulated by the supply of exsolved volatiles from lower crustal degassing magmas, without invoking repeated transfer of new, primitive magma to a shallow reservoir. Protracted lava effusion, accompanied by more vigorous and more frequent Strombolian explosions and gas ‘chugging’, prior to the transition to sustained fountaining suggests that gas retention in crystal-rich magma may modulate the height of the magma column as gas supply increases. Slow decompression associated with effusion may determine the timing of effusive to explosive transitions in mafic arc systems more generally. A large paroxysmal eruption of Fuego on 3 June 2018, notable for the rapid escalation in eruptive intensity several hours into the eruption, produced ash with a range of textures and glass compositions consistent with magma evacuation over a range of depths and decompression rates. Given the protracted repose time between paroxysms before this event, we suggest that a shallow crystallised plug degraded, and ultimately failed, several hours into the eruption of 3 June 2018, triggering top-down decompression of magma in the conduit synchronous with the observed rapid acceleration in eruption rate. Ultimately, we propose that the frequency of paroxysms at Fuego is broadly proportional to the gas supply rate, while the range in glass compositions is related to the repose time prior to eruptive activity. Our data illustrate the potential of petrologic monitoring to distinguish between gas- and magma-driven paroxysm triggers and to anticipate future events, especially when interpreted in the context of geophysical observations and implemented within community-based ash collection initiatives