New World Civitas, Contested Jurisdictions and Intercultural Conversation in the Construction of the Spanish Monarchy

Jurisdictional frontiers were created, contested, and negotiated among a wide range of actors, including native Americans and Europeans, with reference to the cities founded in Castilla del Oro (roughly present-day Panama). This research deals, first, with the reshaping of the concept of a city in the New World, based on its inhabitants' sense of civitas. It analyses, secondly, the creation and redefinition of jurisdiction during political conflicts and, third, the construction and maintenance of jurisdiction through local relations with indigenous populations described as "conversation". The analysis of the creation and preservation of local jurisdictions allows for an interpretation of the complexities involved in the configuration of political power and political space from below in the territories claimed by the Spanish Monarchy.Art Empir

"Optimized Cellular Neural Network Universal Machine Emulation on FPGA

An FPGA architecture to emulate a single-layer Cellular Neural Network - Universal Machine (CNN-UM) is proposed. It is based on a fast realization of the CNN convolution operation on the parallel hardware of the FPGA. The setup is capable of performing a CNN iteration over a 30×30 pixel image in less than 30 μs. Moreover, this platform has been used to realize the visual system of an autonomous mobile robot. © 2007 IEEE

Sarna bacteriana del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) y del pimiento (Capsicum spp.) causada por Xanthomonas spp.

La sarna del tomate y del pimiento, causada por varias especies del género Xanthomonas, es una de las bacteriosis más graves que afectan a estos cultivos de relevancia económica en España y en el mundo. En este artículo se describen diversos aspectos de la enfermedad, como la sintomatología, revisión taxonómica de los agentes causales, epidemiología y métodos de control. Finalmente, se presentan los principales objetivos que configuran el proyecto nacional XANTHERWO, financiado por la Agencia Estatal de Investigación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), que persigue profundizar en el conocimiento de la enfermedad y desarrollar nuevas técnicas de detección y estrategias de biocontrol.Peer reviewe

Solanum lycopersicum heme-binding protein 2 as a potent antimicrobial weapon against plant pathogens

Abstract The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria caused by the excessive use of antibiotics has led to the urgent exploration of alternative antimicrobial solutions. Among these alternatives, antimicrobial proteins, and peptides (Apps) have garnered attention due to their wide-ranging antimicrobial effects. This study focuses on evaluating the antimicrobial properties of Solanum lycopersicum heme-binding protein 2 (SlHBP2), an apoplastic protein extracted from tomato plants treated with 1-Methyl tryptophan (1-MT), against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Computational studies indicate that SlHBP2 is annotated as a SOUL heme-binding family protein. Remarkably, recombinant SlHBP2 demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting the growth of Pst within a concentration range of 3–25 μg/mL. Moreover, SlHBP2 exhibited potent antimicrobial effects against other microorganisms, including Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xv), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), and Botrytis cinerea. To understand the mechanism of action employed by SlHBP2 against Pst, various techniques such as microscopy and fluorescence assays were employed. The results revealed that SlHBP2 disrupts the bacterial cell wall and causes leakage of intracellular contents. To summarize, the findings suggest that SlHBP2 has significant antimicrobial properties, making it a potential antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogens. Although further studies are warranted to explore the full potential of SlHBP2 and its suitability in various applications