Omentalisation as adjunctive treatment of an infected femoral nonunion fracture: a case report

A three-year-old male working border collie with an infected femoral nonunion fracture was managed in a two-stage procedure involving debridement and omentalisation, followed by stabilisation with a bone plate and an autogenous cancellous bone graft. Osseous union was documented radiographically 16 weeks after surgery. Telephone follow-up one year later revealed the dog had returned to full working function without evidence of lameness. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first clinical case described in the veterinary literature using omentalisation as an adjunct to the management of an infected, biologically inactive nonunion fracture

Adsorption Studies for Arsenic Removal Using Activated Moringa oleifera

A new low cost adsorbent, activated Moringa oleifera has been developed for aqueous arsenic removal. Batch experiments were revealed that As removal was up to 71.3% using activated Moringa oleifera. Kinetics studies revealed that Langmuir isotherm was followed with a better correlation than the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG were computed from the experimental data. These values show that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Thus, this recently developed cost-effective novel biosorbent, activated Moringa oleifera can be used as household level to mitigate the arsenic problem

Kinetic and equilibrium studies on fluoride removal by zirconium (IV): Impregnated groundnut shell carbon

The carbonized ground nut shell (GNSC) was impregnated with zirconium oxy chloride, and tested to determine its capacity and kinetics for fluoride adsorption from aqueous solutions. The analysis of the isotherm equilibrium data using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson equations by linear methods showed that the data fitted better with Freundlich model than the other two. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the spontaneous nature of fluoride adsorption with increase of entropy and an endothermic process. The kinetic data obtained for fluoride adsorption on zirconium impregnated ground nut shell carbon (ZIGNSC) obeyed the pseudo-second order equation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the deposition of fluoride on material and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies also showed the involvement of adsorbate on the adsorbent surface in the adsorption interaction. The ZIGNSC provides a cost effective material to the defluoridation problem in the developing countries by its great potential application in the fluoride removal from water

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on adsorption of fluoride by dolomite

397-401Batch adsorption studies were carried out to determine the effect of adsorbent dose, initial adsorbent concentration and temperature on the adsorption of fluoride by naturally occurring dolomite. The adsorption of fluoride was found to depend on temperature and concentration. The adsorption process followed first-order kinetics. The mechanism of adsorption obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm indicating an unimolecular layer pattern. Dolomite possesses considerable defluoridation efficiency at neutral pH and hence can be an effective defluoridating material. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption or fluoride by dolomite is an endothermic process, showing increase in sorption at higher temperature. Also, negative values of ∆Gº indicate the spontaneity of the sorption process. </span

Fluoride sorption using Cynodon dactylon based activated carbon

This study deals the application of Cynodon dactylon based thermally activated carbon for fluoride toxicity. The batch adsorption techniques was followed at neutral pH as the functions of contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, temperature and the effect of co-anions. The data indicate that the prepared adsorbent surface sites are heterogeneous in nature and that fits into a heterogeneous site-binding model. The present system followed the Redlich-Peterson isotherm as well as Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Lagergren pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra particle diffusion and Elovich kinetics were modeled to describe the adsorption rate of fluoride and determined as this scheme followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The calculated enthalpy change, ΔH°, and entropy change, ΔS°, for the adsorption process are +8.725 kJ/mol and +0.033 J/mol K respectively and shows endothermic experience. Instrumental analysis of XRD, FTIR and SEM gives the idea about the fluoride binding ability of adsorbent

Traditional beekeeping of stingless bee (<i style="">Trigona</i> sp) by <i style="">Kani</i> tribes of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

342-345In India honey bees like Apis cerana and Apis mellifera are reared for commercial purpose. The other bees like rock bee (Apis dorsata), little bee (Apis florea) and dammer bee (Trigona sp) are not domesticated because of their ecophysiology. However, the kani tribes living in Karayar area of Kalakad- Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve area (KMTR) of Western Ghats have developed a novel method of rearing the dammer bees. The objective of the study is to understand the traditional skill of Kani tribes to rear the stingless bee (Trigona sp.) which was not used for regular bee keeping. The present study also gives importance to evolve commercial strategies to get honey (medicinal honey) from Trigona sp. The findings of the present study will help to preserve the art of rearing stingless bees and to introduce modern techniques to harvest pure, clean and uncontaminated honey by suitable modifications in the indigenous practice of stingless bee rearing. The honey produced by dammer bees is a panacea for much human illness. The Kani tribes have developed a bamboo pole bee hive to keep this stingless bee belonged to the species Trigona irredipensis. The dammer bees build an interesting type of comb made of propolis, mud and about 600-700gm honey is collected per year per hive. Because of rich medicinal value the honey collected from this beehive is sold at a rate of Rs.1000/Kg

Melatonin-stimulated biosynthesis of anti-microbial ZnONPs by enhancing bio-reductive prospective in callus cultures of Catharanthus roseus var. Alba

International audienceMelatonin as plant growth regulator induces differential effects on metabolites that are responsible for reduction, capping and stabilization of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Phytochemical analysis of callus cultures was performed and results were compared with callus cultures supplemented with other plant growth regulators (α-napthalene acetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and thidiazuron). Highest total phenolic and flavonoid content [42.23 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g-1 DW and 36.4 mg of (quercetin equivalent) g-1 DW, respectively] were recorded at melatonin (1.0 µM) + NAA (13.5 µM). ZnONPs were synthesized from NAA (13.5 µM) and melatonin (1.0 µM) + NAA (13.5 µM)-induced calli extracts separately and characterized via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids that were mainly found responsible for reduction and capping of ZnONPs. SEM analysis showed triangular shaped ZnONPs synthesized from melatonin + NAA callus extract and these NPs were more dispersed as compared to the spherical-agglomerates of ZnONPs synthesized from NAA-mediated callus extract. Melatonin + NAA callus extract-mediated ZnONPs (having smaller size) were more potent against multiple drug resistant bacterial strains, e.g. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by producing zone of inhibitions 17 ± 0.76 mm,10 ± 0.57 mm and 13 ± 0.54 mm, respectively