Exploring the Potentials of Community Theatre as a Tool for Social Change: the Participatory Communication Method

It is observed that most development modalities employed over the years for achieving community development in Africa have not leaved up to expectation in terms of involving the majority of people in the quest for national transformation and development; rather, these modalities tend to complicate the very problems they are set out to solve. The situation is mostly like this because the adopted development strategies have not taken adequate cognizance the essence of effective communication methods and the importance of people’s perspectives and peculiarities in these processes. Mostly, the so-called outsiders and experts in development matters who are physically and socially separated from the people think for them and about their development. This situation is inimical to genuine and sustainable development. It is important therefore to note that development can only be meaningful and sustainable when it is people generated; involving people’s real needs and their participation in the process of achieving them. It is at this point therefore that community theatre can come handy as it has the potentials to bring people together to discuss issues that disempowered them and participatorily proffer solutions to the negatives. Community theatre can be explored to work with rural and urban people; mostly the rural dwellers who are mostly disempowered. In view of this therefore, this paper posits that community theatre is a method of participatory communication towards achieving social change

Letter from Alexander G. Mc Adie to William E. Colby, 1910 Dec 29.

Address correspondence toOfficial In ChargeLocal Office. Weather BureauU.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURELOCAL OFFICE OF THE WEATHER BUREAUSAN FRANCISCO, CAL.Merchants Exchange, Rooms 1500-5Dec. 29, 1910.Mr. William E. Colby,Sierra Club, Mills Building,San Francisco.My dear Colby:-Mr. W. C. Hodge, Assistant State Forester, Sacramento, was in to see me a few days ago and wants to get into closer touch with the Sierra Club. Hodge is a fine fellow and with Stirling began the Forest work on this coast some ten years or so ago. I think you might suggest to Bade that he get him to send some notes on forest matters in this State. Possibly he has already done this.You might also tell Bade that I am thinking of writing a short paper sometime on The Mountains of the Sky and the Cascades of Cloudland . Some months ago Mr. Muir got after me to do this, saying that some of his keenest pleasure in the mountains came from the beauty of the cloudscapes and that he has always regretted not knowing more of the clouds. From his descriptions, he has seen some wonderful sky pictures and I have no doubt many Sierrans have shared in part his joy of watching the crags of cloudland. What do you think of it?Wishing you and yours all the happiness of theseason.Sincerely[illegible]Professor0626

Resolution-enhanced OCT and expanded framework of information capacity and resolution in coherent imaging

Spatial resolution in optical microscopy has traditionally been treated as a fixed parameter of the optical system. Here, we present an approach to enhance transverse resolution in beam-scanned optical coherence tomography (OCT) beyond its aberration-free resolution limit, without any modification to the optical system. Based on the theorem of invariance of information capacity, resolution-enhanced (RE)-OCT navigates the exchange of information between resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by exploiting efficient noise suppression via coherent averaging and a simple computational bandwidth expansion procedure. We demonstrate a resolution enhancement of 1.5 times relative to the aberration-free limit while maintaining comparable SNR in silicone phantom. We show that RE-OCT can significantly enhance the visualization of fine microstructural features in collagen gel and ex vivo mouse brain. Beyond RE-OCT, our analysis in the spatial-frequency domain leads to an expanded framework of information capacity and resolution in coherent imaging that contributes new implications to the theory of coherent imaging. RE-OCT can be readily implemented on most OCT systems worldwide, immediately unlocking information that is beyond their current imaging capabilities, and so has the potential for widespread impact in the numerous areas in which OCT is utilized, including the basic sciences and translational medicine.Comment: Supplementary Information is appended to the manuscript file. For associated movies, see Nichaluk Leartprapun and Steven G. Adie, "Resolution-enhanced optical coherence tomography enabled by coherent-average noise suppression," Proc. SPIE 11630, Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXV, 1163011 (5 March 2021); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.258386

Identifikasi Fenotipik Galur-galur Kedelai Terhadap Ketahanan Serangan Hama Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera Litura F.)

Phenotypic identification of soybean lines against armyworm pest resistance (Spodoptera litura F). This research consisted of two parts which aimed to find out the intensity of damage to the leaves and the influence of soybean on the biological aspect of armyworms. The materials tested were Shr/W-C-60, Aochi/Wil-60, 9837/K-D-8-185, 9837/K-D-3-185-95, W/9837-D- 6-220, 9837/K-D-3-185-82, 9837/W-D-5-211, GI, G100H breeding lines and Wilis varieties. The research was conducted at a Balitkabi screenhouse in February 2011, using randomized block design and each treatment was replicated three times. The planting media were plastic pots (diameter 18 cm) filled with earth, two seeds per pot were planted and intensively raised. When the plants were 27 days old after planting, at each replication consisting of 10 materials, they were covered with gauze cages (2 x 2 x 2 m). Then the plants in each pot was infested with 10 instar I armyworm larvae. The other part of research was carried out in Balitkabi Breeding Improvement Laboratory. For testing purposes, there was a need for a third nodal leaf of soybean aged 27 days after planting in each tested material. The research used a completely randomized design each treatment was replicated three times. One nodal leaf in each material was placed in a petri dish 15 cm in diameter, which was coated with moist filter paper, and this was later called treatment. Each treatment was infested with one instar I armyworm larva. The result of research indicated that an assessment of soybean resistance to armyworms could be made from the density of the trichome and/or the length of the trichome on the leaves. The G100H breeding line was found to be resilient with its characteristics of having dense trichome (25/4 mm2) and long trichome (1.1 mm)

Interaksi Galur × Lingkungan, Potensi Hasil Dan Stabilitas Hasil Galur Harapan Kedelai {Glycine Max (L.) Merr.} Hitam* [Genotype × Environment Interactions, Yield Potential and Stability of Black Soybean {Glycine Max (L.) Merr.} Promising Lines]

Recent demand of black soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.} seed has been rising for industrial raw material. A total of five promising lines of black soybean (9837/K-D-8-185, 9837/K-D-3-185-195, W/9837-D-6-220, 9837/K-D-3-185-82 and 9837/W-D-5-211) were evaluated for the potential yield at 18 soybean production centrals in West Java, East Java, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara, from 2004 until 2006..Variety of Cikuray (black soybean), Wilis (famous variety with high yield) and Burangrang (large seed size and short maturation day) were used as check varieties.The field experimental design for each location was completely randomized design with four replicates.The treatment consist of eight lines/variety with 2,4 m × 4,5 m plot size, 40 cm × 15 cm plant distance, two plants/hill.Fertilizer of 50 kg Urea, 100 kg SP36 and 75 kg KCl per ha were applied before sowing time. Weed, insect and disease were controlled intensively.Stability analysis was according to Eberhart and Russell (1966), and adaptability was by Finlay dan Wilkinson (1963). Location, genotype and interaction between 2genotype x environment (G × L) were significant for seed yield. Estimate of environment variance component (d L = 0.0604) was the 2 2 biggest one, and followed by error variance value (d E = 0.0470), genotype variance (d G = 0.0258) and the smallest was estimate of 2 interaction variance G × L (d GL = 0.0225).Significant interaction of G × L showed that each promising lines have specific reaction to certain location quality. Five promising lines were able to produce 2.44 until 2.51 t/ha, or 17% higher than black soybean variety of Cikuray (2.03 t/ha); or 10% higher than Burangrang and 3% more higher than Wilis. Genotype of 9837/K-D-3-185-195, W/9837-D-6-220, 9837/K-D-3-185-82 and 9837/W-D-5-211 were indentified stable. Genotype of 9837/K-D-3-185-195, W/9837-D-6-220, 9837/K-D-3-185-82 and 9837/W-D-5-211 were promising to be high yielded and adaptable across location; on the contrary, genotype of 9837/K-D-8-185 was more adaptable in optimal location

Hasil Dan Stabilitas Hasil Biji Kedelai {Glycine Max (L.) Merr.} Galur Harapan Di Lahan Sawah* [Yield and Yield Stability of Soybean {Glycine Max (L.) Merr.} Promising Lines]

Soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.} varieties with consistently high yield productivity across environments are expected to maintain its production level per area.The objectives of this experiment are to determine the magnitude of G × E interaction and to identify the stability of eight soybean promising lines across locations. Materials consists of eight soybean promising lines (G100H/SHRW-60-38, SHRW-60/G100H-73, SHRW-60/G100H-68, SHRW-60/G100H-66, G100H/SHRW-34, SHRW-60/G100H-5, SHRW-60/G100H-70 and SHRW-60/G 100 H-75) and two check varieties (Kaba and Wilis). The experiments were done in 16 locations (Lampung Tengah, Yogyakarta, Ngawi, Mojokerto, Pasuruan, Malang, Banyuwangi and Lombok Barat, two locations each) during the period of 2009 to 2011. A randomized completely block design with four replicates was used in each location. AMMI analysis (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) was applied to assess the yield stability of those 10 genotypes, and then interpreted in biplot graphic of seed yield for principal components 1 (IPCA1) with the principal component 2 (IPCA2). Seed yield of the 10 soybean lines ranged from 2.63-3.02 t/ha, with 2.81 t/ha in average. The highest yield was obtained by G6 (SHRW-60/G100H-5), whereas G3 (SHRW-60/G100H-68) had the lowest seed yield.The combined analysis showed that lines, locations, and the interaction of lines and locations (G × L) were significantly different for seed yield.The first four Interaction Principal Component Axes (IPCA1, IPCA2, IPCA3 and IPCA4) were significant and accounted for 85.1% of the total GEI. Lines of G100H/SHRW-60-38 (G1), SHRW-60/G100H-66 (G4) and SHRW-60/G100H-5 (G6) were stable and high yielding, and therefore they are proposed to be released as new varieties. The results of this study also suggested that Kaba and Willis were used as specific-check varieties, due to its site-specific adaptability

Multi-stakeholder Platforms Strengthening Selection and use of Fodder Options in Ethiopia: Lessons and Challenges

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceAlthough existing literature eloquently elaborates the role of an “innovation systems perspective” in rural development and provides theoretical insights into the concepts of the approach, there are few practical lessons emerging from application of the approach in research for development projects in various contexts. This paper analyzes a project designed to strengthen the ability of smallholders to innovate in ways that improved the returns to fodder use in Ethiopia. The paper applies an innovation systems perspective to the innovation process as a means of describing the contribution of a project-driven multi-stakeholder platform. A number of key lessons were gleaned from our research. Participatory selection of technologies that addressed farmers' priority problems and demonstrating tangible economic benefits were found to be effective in winning the trust of farmers and drawing the attention of a wider group of stakeholders. The benefits from the technologies needed to carry limited risk and accrue early economic gains to be attractive to farmers. Linking forage technologies with a range of value chain issues in livestock enterprises was essential for successful adoption of forage technologies by farmers. Engaging diverse actors in stakeholder platforms, including local decision makers, along the dairy/fattening value chain was found to be instrumental in turning the wealth of knowledge surrounding fodder technologies and practices into action and creating immediate benefits to poor livestock keepers. On the other hand we found that nurturing collective capacity of a network of organizations and individuals was a major challenge for small projects with limited mandate and resources. For sustainability, organizations with a long term commitment and strong decision-making power need to play a leading role in facilitating innovation processes. An effective agricultural innovation system requires a cadre of professionals with a new skill set and mind set (markets, agribusiness, rural institutions, rural microfinance, facilitation, system analysis, conflict management, etc.). This implies the need for research and development organizations to re-skill, and the need for the reform of university curricula to include skills in agribusiness, communication and partnership facilitation. Large scale institutional and policy change requires piloting of the concept and practices of facilitating innovation through stakeholder platforms in different contexts, documenting and sharing experiences, building on successes and engaging policy makers in the research process

Report on Training of Trainers (TOT) in Tigray Region on Africa RISING Project Validated Technologies/Innovations in the Ethiopian Highland

United States Agency for International Developmen