Upper limb treatment technigues for stroke survivors

Nowadays, the stroke is considered to be the main cause of acquired disability among adults in the world. Deficits occuring in the upper limb are its widespread consequence.The therapy of a paretic upper limb is the most difficult part of the rehabilitation process, and the recovery of the upper limb functions often takes place only at the final stage of the physiotherapy.The aim of this study is to present a variety of techniques to improve a post-stroke upper limb on the basis of the most recent literature.It was considered that the most important elements of the treatment used in the rehabilitation of the paretic upper limb are: exercise matching the anti-spasm pattern, maintaining appropriate position for exercise that provide an approximation of the shoulder joint and the use of cross-facilitation. The study indicates that the treatment of a post stroke upper limb should be based on the: physiotherapy, kinesiotherapy and specific positioning - all of them corresponding to a given stage of the disease. The work also presents the most frequently used methods, especially highlighting: the Prorioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF), Bobath, Brunnstrom, CIMT and OIT. It was also shown that in order to enhance the effects of a post-stroke upper limb rehabilitation, it should be extended by modern methods such as Mirror Therapy, Virtual Reality or Robot-assisted Therapy

Rehabilitation of Patients after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Karbowski Maciej, Głowacka-Mrotek Iwona, Nowacka Krystyna, Hagner Wojciech. Rehabilitation of Patients after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(8):1540-1549. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1098437 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5101 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.08.2017. Revised: 15.08.2017. Accepted: 31.08.2017. Usprawnianie pacjentów po rekonstrukcji więzadła krzyżowego przedniego Rehabilitation of Patients after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Maciej Karbowski, Iwona Głowacka-Mrotek, Krystyna Nowacka, Wojciech Hagner Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji, Collegium Medicum Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu Department of Rehabilitation, Collegium Medicum of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Słowa kluczowe: trening propriocepcji, rehabilitacja, niestabilność przednia Key words: proprioception training, rehabilitation, anterior (knee) instability Streszczenie Uszkodzenia więzadeł stawu kolanowego stanowią bardzo często spotykany problem. Statystyki wskazują, że to więzadło krzyżowe przednie jest najczęściej kontuzjowane. Szczególnie narażone na zerwanie ACL są osoby uprawiające ang. pivoting sports, czyli dyscypliny sportowe, w których dochodzi do nagłych obrotów, zmian kierunku biegu. Dla pacjentów dotkniętych kontuzją ACL głównym sposobem na powrót do pełnej sprawności jest przywrócenie ciągłości tej struktury więzadłowej za pomocą zabiegu operacyjnego poprzedzonego kompleksową rehabilitacją przedoperacyjną. Po przejściu operacji rekonstrukcyjnej należy wdrożyć usprawnianie, które zostanie odpowiednio zindywidualizowane i dostosowane do możliwości oraz postępów pacjenta. Głównym celem artykułu było przedstawienie metod stosowanych w przebiegu usprawniania pacjentów po rekonstrukcji ACL. Efektywna rehabilitacja pooperacyjna powinna składać się z kinezyterapii, której przebieg jest dostosowany do etapu w jakim aktualnie znajduje się pacjent. Dla faz początkowych odpowiednie są ćwiczenia nie zwiększające objawów ostrych, natomiast powinny one rozpocząć odbudowe zakresu ruchu oraz siły mięśniowej. Zadania stawiane przed pacjentem należy w dalszym przebiegu rehabilitacji utrudniać i zwiększać jego samodzielność doprowadzając do odtworzenia prawidłowego wzorca chodu. Bardzo ważną częścią usprawniania jest trening propriocepcji odbudowujący czucie głębokie w stawie kolanowym. Kinezyterapia powinna być urozmaicona takimi aktywnościami jak pływanie oraz jazda na rowerze stacjonarnym. W końcowych etapach pojawić się powinny elementy sportu uprawianego przez pacjenta. Usprawnianie jest wspomagane poprzez fizykoterapie, elementy terapii manualnej oraz kinesiology taping. Abstract Damage to the ligaments of the knee is a very common problem. According to statistics, it is the anterior cruciate ligament that is most often injured. People practicing so-called pivoting sports (sports that involve sudden turns and direction changes) are particularly vulnerable to the rupture of the ACL. For patients who suffer from an ACL injury, the main way to full recovery is to restore the continuity of the ligamentous structures using surgery preceded by a comprehensive pre-operative rehabilitation. After undergoing the reconstructive surgery, the personalized rehabilitation should be implemented and adapted to the possibilities and progress of the patient. The main aim of this aticle was to present the methods used throughout the rehabilitation process of patients, who underwent the ACL reconstruction. An effective postoperative rehabilitation should consist of kinesiotherapy, the course of which is adapted specifically to the stage in which the patient currently is. The exercises suitable for the initial phase should not increase the acute symptoms. They should, however, start restoring motion range and rebuilding muscular strength. The demands placed on the patient should be continuously made harder throughout the rehabilitation process and should increase their independence leading to restoration of a normal walking pattern. A very important part of rehabilitation is the training that rebuilds proprioception in the knee joint. Kinesiotherapy should be varied with activities, such as swimming or riding a stationary bike. In the final stages of rehabilitation, the elements of the sport practiced by the patient should be implemented. Improvement is aided by physiotherapy, elements of a manual therapy and kinesiology taping

Ocena czynników wpływających na stopień akceptacji zachorowania na raka piersi u kobiet poddanych leczeniu oszczędzającemu gruczoł piersiowy: analiza odległa po upływie 5 lat od zabiegu – badanie wstępne

Wstęp: Rak piersi jest najczęściej rozpoznawanym nowotworem złośliwym w populacji polskiej. Leczenie chirurgiczne i uzupełniające wiąże się z występowaniem wielu działań niepożądanych. W procesie zdrowienia niezwykle ważnym aspektem jest jakość życia, na którą wpływ ma poziom akceptacji choroby nowotworowej.Materiał i metody: Badaniem objęto 50 kobiet leczonych chirurgicznie metodą oszczędzającą pierś (BCT) po upływie 5 lat od zabiegu chirurgicznego. Pomiaru zmiennej zależnej dokonano posługując się techniką CATI (computer assisted telephone interview), wykorzystując w tym celu standaryzowaną Skalę Akceptacji Choroby (AIS – Acceptance of Illness Scale) autorstwa B.J Felton, T.A. Revenson i G.A. Hinrichsen,  w adaptacji polskiej Zygfryda Juczyńskiego. Punktacja w skali AIS mieści się w obszarze od 8 – 40. Im wyższy wynik, tym lepsze zaakceptowanie stanu zdrowia oraz mniej negatywnych konsekwencji choroby. Utworzono także kwestionariusz ankiety konstrukcji własnej, na postawie którego uzyskano dane dotyczące wybranych cech socjodemograficznych oraz klinicznych.Wyniki: Ogólny wynik akceptacji choroby nowotworowej w grupie badanej wynosił 33,7, co oznacza pełne zaakceptowanie schorzenia po upływie 5 lat od zabiegu wolnych od przerzutów nowotworowych. Nie stwierdzono wpływu danych socjodemograficznych na poziom zmiennej zależnej.  W grupie kobiet, u których wykonano procedurę węzła wartowniczego odnotowano wyniki świadczące o lepszym zaakceptowaniu choroby w porównaniu do pacjentek poddanych limfadenektomii pachowej.Wnioski: Po upływie 5 lat od zabiegu chirurgicznego z powodu raka piersi, kobiety cechują się wysokim zaakceptowaniem schorzenia. Zaoszczędzenie węzłów chłonnych dołu pachowego pozwala na lepsze przystosowanie się do choroby

Anorexia nervosa - tend the new way of life. Attempt to analyze the current data in this age group

At the turn of the last few years, a sharp Increase in the number of people suffering from eating disorders That undoubtedly lead or can lead to the destruction of the body is noticeable. These disorders are very often the cause of irreversible mental and physical changes, sometimes even leading to death in extreme cases. The issue of eating disorders, and in Particular the anorexia nervosa occurring most amazing Affects younger age groups. Early observation of the first symptoms and proper diagnosis gives the Possibility of a full recovery. It should also be borne in mind That These disorders are related both to the prevailing socio-cultural changes, sometimes inefficiencies in support structures, as well as to the current year's threatening Increase in the pace of life. Both specific and non-specific eating disorders belong to the group of diseases Whose aetiology, diagnosis and treatment have not been clearly defined so far. However, it should be taken into account That eating disorders are of a chronic nature, so small That they change the clinical picture during the course of the disease, permeating each other

The quality of life of people with spinal cord injury

Spinal injuries are the most common cause of formation of spinal subsequently they may be formed as a result of inflammation, tumors or other diseases. Among the consequences of spinal cord injury can be distinguished numbness, paralysis or paresis as well as restrictions within the urinary tract and sexual performance. There is also the increased chance of bedsores. The appearance of abnormal muscle tone and spasticity in the form of periarticular ossification. These problems make it difficult to "normal" functioning in society. Rehabilitation for patients with spinal cord injury is aimed at reducing symptoms and finding methods that most effectively compensated by the quality of deficiencies in the functioning of society

Assessment of quality of life and selected aspects of physical, psychological, social, and environmental functioning in patients treated for breast cancer 5 years after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in well-developed countries. Modern treatment for breast cancer is multimodal, with surgery being the mainstay of treatment. The aim of the study was to assess quality of life, self-efficacy, and satisfaction with life in patients treated for breast cancer with two different surgery types. Materials and methods: This study involved 360 women – 120 after mastectomy (MAS), 120 after breast-conserving surgery (BCT), and 120 healthy controls (CG). The standardized WHOQOL-BREF (abbreviated form) questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used for measuring quality of life Results: As regards physical, psychological, social, and environmental functioning (WHOQOL-BREF), women after mastectomy had the worst scores (

Evaluating knowledge of young women regarding breast cancer prevention

Introduction: Regular screening for breast cancer allows to detect the disease at an early stage and to introduce breast-conserving surgical treatment more commonly in patients.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge of young women regarding risk factors of breast cancer as well as methods of early detection of pathological masses.Materials and methods: The study included 159 females aged 18 to 30 presenting to the gynecologist at the non-public healthcare center Endo-Medica in Bydgoszcz. The diagnostic survey was conducted using our own questionnaire. The study was conducted anonymously between November 2016 and February 2017.Results: It was stated by 68.6% of respondents that self-examination of the breasts should be initiated at the age of 20. Also, 66.7% correctly indicated the day of the menstrual cycle, when the examination should be performed. Although the majority of participants (62.9%) were familiar with the self-examination technique, less than a half reported regular checking. As the major factor of developing breast cancer, they pointed out genetic predisposition. Considering breast cancer symptoms, the respondents listed nodules, axillary masses and nipple discharge. Insufficient amount of knowledge was observed regarding the National Early Breast Cancer Detection Program.Conclusions: The results suggest the need of intensive oncologic education among young women in order to raise awareness about environmental factors promoting development of breast cancer as well as methods of its early detection

Quality of life at 3 to 5 years after surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma – a pilot cross-sectional study

Introduction. The predicted distant health-related quality of life is one of the key elements in the long-term assessment of the effectiveness of therapy and a factor to be taken into account when deciding upon the choice of therapeutic options in modern cancer surgery. To assess the quality of life of patients having undergone surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of 44 (17 NR, 27 NSS) patients having received surgical treatment for renal cell carcinoma at the Department of Urology of the University Hospital no. 2 in Bydgoszcz. The control group consisted of 24 subjects within a matching age range. The standardized WHOQOL BREF questionnaire was used as the study tool. Results. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed with regard to the subjectively assessed quality of life depending on the type of surgery performed, i.e. RN vs. NSS. A positive correlation was observed between the higher scores within the Social (p = 0.0453) and Environmental (p=0.0156) domains and the laparoscopic approach. Lower scores within the somatic (p = 0.0023), environmental (p = 0.0189) and emotional (p = 0.0356) scale domains were observed in female patients. A statistically significant inverse relationship was observed between the cancer stage and the self-assessed overall health scores (p = 0.0025). Conclusions. Minimally invasive surgical techniques open up the potential for the achievement of better quality of life of patients after surgery. Clinical and demographic variables influence the long-term health-related quality of life scores

Overtreatment in surgery – does it concern also the patients with ductal breast carcinoma in situ

Overtreatment means treatment that goes beyond current standards, and patients with any disease can be overtreated. Overtreatment is also given to patients with cancer, including those who need surgery. Overtreatment is closely related to the problem of overdiagnosis. In patients with cancer, unnecessary surgery may cause complications and generates unnecessary costs. The size of the problem of unnecessary surgery in patients with cancer can best be shown among patients with the most common cancers, which dedicated screening programs. Breast cancer patients, particularly those with pre-invasive types of the tumor, who typically have ductal carcinoma in situ (80%), are likely to undergo unnecessary surgery. We describe the most common clinical problems caused by overtreating patients with ductal carcinoma in situ