Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Versus Intubation for Surfactant Delivery in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Aim:Routes for surfactant administration for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has changed from bolus endotracheal administration together with ongoing mechanical ventilation, to intubation-surfactant administration and rapid extubation (INSURE) method and finally to less invasive surfactant administration (LISA). In this study our aim was to compare respiratory outcomes of LISA and INSURE methods for surfactant delivery in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.Materials and Methods:This retrospective, single-center study was performed in a one year period in between March 2014-2015. Data of VLBW infants who had diagnosis of RDS and received surfactant treatment via LISA or INSURE techniques were analyzed. Primary outcome of the study was failure of non-invasive respiratory support. Secondary outcomes were bronchopulmonary dysplasia diagnosis and its severity, duration of mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube, total number of surfactant administered, duration of hospitalization and duration of all sorts of non-invasive respiratory support. Non-invasive ventilatory support failure incidences of LISA group according to gestational ages were also analyzed.Results:Fifty-nine VLBW infants in LISA group and 55 VLBW infants in INSURE group were analyzed. Need for intubation/reintubation (non-invasive ventilatory support failure) was significantly lower in LISA group (31.6% vs 49%, p=0.043). Duration of intubation was significantly longer in INSURE group [0 vs 4 days (median), p=0.001]. Both LISA and INSURE treated infants had similar moderate to severe BPD ratios (26.6% vs 32.7%, p=0.306). We did not observe any reported complications during application of both methods. Intubation ratios were lowest in the group with gestational ages 28-29 weeks (25%).Conclusion:LISA technique for surfactant delivery to preterms with RDS is a safe method ending with lower rates of need for intubation/reintubation. Even if no difference in BPD incidences in between the two groups was observed at the 36th corrected gestational week, intubation duration of infants was significantly lower in LISA group

Halkevlerinin Yayın Faaliyetleri: Van Tarihine Medhal Birinci Sardur’un Kitabeleri Örneği

Çalışmadaki amaç, ülke çapında 1932’de açılan halkevlerinin yayın faaliyetleri üzerinden, Van Halkevi’nin tek yayını olarak tespit edebildiğimiz, halk dershaneleri komitesi başkanı ve aynı zamanda Maarif Müdürü olan Mustafa Noyan tarafından kaleme alınan Van Tarihine Medhal Birinci Sardur’un Kitabeleri isimli eserini analiz etmek ve erken dönem Cumhuriyet arkeolojisine katkılarını değerlendirmektir. Halkevleri açıldıktan sonra fiziki şartları el verdiği müddetçe şube kolları ile çalışmalar yürütmüştür. Dil-edebiyat ve tarih şubesi ile kitapsaray ve yayın şubesi bünyesinde açıldığı halkevinde yayın faaliyetlerinden sorumlu olmuştur. Kemalist ideolojinin halk nezdinde yayılması ve devrim mantığının anlaşılması için halkevleri yayınladıkları gazete, dergi, kitap, broşürlerle kendi etkinlik alanlarını yaratmışlardır. Özellikle cumhuriyet rejiminin idealize ettiği aynı ülkü etrafında toplanmış ve kaynaşmış bir toplum oluşturulması noktasında çalışmalar yürüten şubeler tarih, edebiyat, folklor, halk bilimi konularında eserler ortaya çıkarmıştır. Söz konusu eserlerde temel prensip millî değerlerin ve kültürün genç nesillere öğretilmesidir. Bu süreç de şüphesiz, okuma-yazma etkinliği ile anlaşılabilecek ve aktarılacaktır. Çalışmada, ülke genelindeki halkevlerinin yayın faaliyetleri ile ne amaçladığını izah etmeye çalışmakla birlikte, 1940’lı yılların başında Van Kalesi/Urartular ile ilgili yüksek bir bilinç seviyesine ve çalışma azmine sahip Mustafa Noyan’ın söz konusu eserini akademik olarak incelemek hedeflenmektedir

Investigation of the removal kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption mechanism of anionic textile dye, Remazol Red RB, with powder pumice, a sustainable adsorbent from waste water

Excessive growth and abnormal use of dyes and water in the textile industry cause serious environmental problems, especially with excessive pollution of water bodies. Adsorption is an attractive, feasible, low-cost, highly efficient and sustainable technique in terms of green chemistry for the removal of pollutants from water. This study aims to investigate the removal kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption mechanism of Remazol Red RB, which was chosen as a representative anionic reactive dye, from synthetic wastewater using powdered pumice, taking into account various experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration, adsorption time, temperature and pH. Moreover, to support the proposed adsorption mechanism, before and after adsorption of the samples, the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) spectra, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) diffractograms and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were also taken and used. The results show that powder pumice can be an efficient adsorbent for anionic dye removal with a relatively high adsorption capacity of 38.90 mg/g, and it is very effective in 30–60 min in mild conditions. The experimental data showed a high agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. In addition, thermodynamically, the process exhibited exothermic nature and standard isosteric enthalpy and entropy changes of −4.93 kJ/mol and 16.11 J/mol. K were calculated. It was determined that the adsorption mechanism was predominantly based on T-shaped pi-pi interactions and had physical characteristics

Diagnosis and management of carotid body tumor: a report of seven cases

Bozok, Sahin/0000-0002-1256-5055WOS: 000314377200038Paragangliomas are rare asymptomatic painless tumors, originating from paraganglionic bodies of autonomous nerve system of the embriological neural crest and increasing gradually. Despite their gradual developing nature, it is critical to reach early diagnosis and tailor surgical plan for carotid body tumors due to their potential of being malignant and local aggressive development, as well as invasion or pressure on the adjacent vascular and neural tissues. in this article, we present seven cases who were admitted with the complaints of pain and swelling in the neck and were diagnosed with carotid body tumor based on the further investigations and were surgically treated in the light of literature review and different surgical modalities were discussed

The effect of combined hyperbaric oxygen and iloprost treatment on the prevention of spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury: an experimental study

Bozok, Sahin/0000-0002-1256-5055; Durakoglugil, Emre/0000-0001-5268-4262WOS: 000325763500005PubMed: 23946499Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been shown to be effective in preventing neurological injuries in animal models of ischaemia, whereas iloprost (IL) prevents ischaemia-related mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces infarction size after focal cerebral ischaemia in animal models. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of combined HBO and IL treatment on spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury by neurological, histopathological and biochemical methods in an experimental study. Eighty New Zealand white male rabbits were randomly allocated into one of five study groups. the HBO group received a single session of HBO treatment and the IL group received an infusion of 25 ng/kg/min IL; the HBO + IL group received both HBO and IL and the control group received only 0.9% saline; the fifth group was the sham group. Levels of S100 beta protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured at onset, at the end of ischaemia period and at the 24th and 48th hour of reperfusion. Physical activity was assessed using Tarlov criteria 24, and the spinal cords of the sacrificed rabbits were evaluated histopathologically. Additionally, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activities [total superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were assessed. Neurological scores in the HBO, IL and HBO + IL groups were statistically significantly better compared with the control group at the 24th (P = 0.001 for all) and 48th hour (P = 0.001 for all). Histopathological scores in the HBO, IL and HBO + IL groups were also significantly better compared with the control group (P = 0.003, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Whereas MDA, NSE, S100 beta protein and NO concentrations were significantly lower, CAT and GSH-PX levels were significantly higher in either sham or treatment groups compared with the control group. Since we demonstrated beneficial effects on spinal cord IR injury, we think that both HBO and IL, either alone or in combination, may be reasonable in the treatment of IR injury. Furthermore, there did not appear to be synergistic effects with combined treatment. More research is needed for practical application in humans, following thoracoabdominal aortic surgery

Optimization study on surface roughness and tribological behavior of recycled cast iron reinforced bronze MMCs produced by hot pressing

Surface roughness reflects the quality of many operational parameters, namely service life, wear characteristics, working performance and tribological behavior of the produced part. Therefore, tribological performance is critical for the components used as tandem parts, especially for the MMCs (Metal Matrix Composites) which are a unique class of materials having extensive application areas such as aerospace, aeronautics, marine engineering and the defense industry. Current work covers the optimization study of production parameters for surface roughness and tribological indicators of newly produced cast iron reinforced bronze MMCs. In this context, two levels of temperature (400 and 450 °C), three levels of pressure (480, 640 and 820 MPa) and seven levels of reinforcement ratios (60/40, 70/30, 80/20, 90/10, 100/0 of GGG40/CuSn10, pure bronze-as received and pure cast iron-as received) are considered. According to the findings obtained by Taguchi’s signal-to-noise ratios, the reinforcement ratio has a dominant effect on surface roughness parameters (Ra and Rz), the coefficient of friction and the weight loss in different levels. In addition, 100/0 reinforced GGG40/CuSn10 gives minimum surface roughness, pure cast iron provides the best weight loss and pure bronze offers the desired coefficient of friction. The results showed the importance of material ingredients on mechanical properties by comparing a wide range of samples from starting the production phase, which provides a perspective for manufacturers to meet the market supply as per human requirements

Atypical Metastasis to the Head and Neck Region: An Analysis of 11 Patients

Objective:We present 11 patients with distant metastases to the head and neck from an infraclavicularly located primary tumor and discuss the management strategies including the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and prognosis.Methods:The retrospective data of the pathology reports and operation notes of 1239 patients who had undergone any kind of oncological surgical intervention between 2005 and 2017 were analyzed. All of the 11 patients included in the study were evaluated in our department’s tumor board, and all patients with an operable lesion had undergone surgery. Inoperable patients were treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.Results:The average age of the patients was 64.3 (48– 88) years. Primary tumors were located in the lung (2), breast (2), ovary (2), prostate (2), kidney (1), and colon (1) and the primary lesion could not be determined in one patient. The most common symptom was newly occurred painless swelling (9/11, 81.8%) at the metastatic site. Four patients without any other distant metastases were operated. Of these four patients, two died during follow-up due to systemic disease, and the other two are alive and disease-free. Three of the seven inoperable patients were treated with chemotherapy and the other four with radiotherapy. The prognosis of this group was worse.Conclusion:Although metastasis to the head and neck is not common, it is vital to keep in mind while approaching a patient with a lesion at the head and neck region especially if there is a history of lung, breast, and genitourinary cancers. Despite the poor prognosis, diminishing the tumor burden would increase the treatment success

Selenyum ve Kanser

Elzem bir eser element olan ve birçok enzimatik aktivasyonun önemli bir parçası olarak görev yapan selenyum (Se) 1957 yılından itibaren önem kazanmıştır. Metabolizması çeşitli gereksinimlere göre organize edilmektedir. Yapısal komponent olarak Se, protein yapılarına katılmaktadır. Düzeyi, serum selenyum ve serum glutatyon peroksidaz aktivitesinden etkilenmektedir. Hayvansal dokularda “selenometionin” ve “selenosistein” olarak iki formda bulunmaktadır. Genel olarak proteinden zengin besinler iyi selenyum kaynağıdır. Plazmada albumine bağlı olarak taşınmaktadır. Yetersizlik olduğunda selenyumun emilimi artmaktadır. Vücutta toplam olarak 13-20 mg selenyum bulunmaktadır. Eritrositlerdeki selenyum miktarı, uzun dönem selenyum alımının bir göstergesidir; malnütrisyonda ve kanserde serum selenyum düzeylerinin düştüğü bilinmektedir. Organizmada oksidatif yaralanmalara karşı koruyucu olan glutatyon peroksidazın yapısında yer almaktadır. Selenyumun kanser ile ilişkisi üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Birçok kanser türü ile selenyum alım düzeyleri ve serum selenyum seviyeleri ilişkilendirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda bazı kanser çeşitlerinde selenyumun serum seviyesi düşük bulunmuştur. Selenyumun antioksidan enzim sistemindeki fonksiyonu ile dejeneratif durumların çoğu arasında bağlantı kurulmuştur. İmmün fonksiyonları arttırması, apoptozisi indüklemesi, hücre proliferasyonunu inhibe etmesi, karsinojen metabolizmasını değiştirmesi gibi birçok potansiyel mekanizmaya sahip olduğu bildirilmiştir. Epidemiyolojik çalışmalar diyetle selenyum alımı ve kolorektal kanser riski arasında ters ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Farklı selenyum bileşiklerinin prostat kanser hücrelerinde antiproliferatif yanıtı, apoptoz, hücre içi redoks durumunu değiştirme ve NF-KB sinyal yolunun blokajı ile sağladığını göstermektedir. Hayvan deneyleri, epidemiyolojik çalışmalar ve müdahale çalışmaları; selenyum bileşiklerinin, hem spesifik kanserlerin önlenmesinde hem de son faz kanserlerde antimutajenik etki gösterebileceğini bildirmektedir. Selenyum antikarsinojenik olarak görev alabilmekte ve immün fonksiyonları güçlendirmektedir. Bazı çalışmalar, vücuttaki selenyum düzeyi ile kanser riski arasında negatif korelasyon olduğunu bildirse de, çelişkili sonuçlar literatürde yer almaktadır. Selenyumun kanser ve kanser tedavisindeki etkinliğini belirleyebilmek için daha fazla klinik çalışmaya gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu derlemede vücut için elzem bir element olan selenyumun metabolizması ve işlevlerinden bahsedilerek, kanser ile ilişkisini inceleyen çalışmalar üzerinde durulacaktır

Targeted siRNA lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of KRAS-mutant tumors

K-RAS is a highly relevant oncogene that is mutated in approximately 90% of pancreatic cancers and 20–25% of lung adenocarcinomas. The aim of this work was to develop a new anti-KRAS siRNA therapeutic strategy through the engineering of functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). To do this, first, a potent pan anti-KRAS siRNA sequence was chosen from the literature and different chemical modifications of siRNA were tested for their transfection efficacy (KRAS knockdown) and anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cell lines. Second, a selected siRNA candidate was loaded into tLyp-1 targeted and non-targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The biodistribution and antitumoral efficacy of selected siRNA-loaded LNP-prototypes were evaluated in vivo using a pancreatic cancer murine model (subcutaneous xenograft CFPAC-1 tumors). Our results show that tLyp-1-tagged targeted LNPs have an enhanced accumulation in the tumor compared to non-targeted LNPs. Moreover, a significant reduction in the pancreatic tumor growth was observed when the anti-KRAS siRNA treatment was combined with a classical chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine. In conclusion, our work demonstrates the benefits of using a targeting approach to improve tumor accumulation of siRNA-LNPs and its positive impact on tumor reductionThis work was supported by the 2-INTRATARGET project (PCIN-2017-129/AEI) funded by MINECO-PCIN-2017-129/AEI, under the frame of EuroNanoMed III; by Consellería de Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia's Grupos de referencia competitiva (grant number ED431C 2017/09). The authors thank TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey) for supporting this project (Project number : 217S068). S.A acknowledges the financial support for his postdoctoral research by the 2-INTRATARGET project (PCIN-2017-129/AEI) funded by MINECO-PCIN-2017-129/AEI, under the frame of EuroNanoMed IIIS